Acid rain also increases the corrosion rate of metals, in particular iron, steel, copper and bronze.

Marine and salty environments also lower the lifetime of galvanized iron because the high electrical conductivity of sea water increases the rate of corrosion.

In industry, and in mining, radionuclides examine welds, to detect leaks, to study the rate of wear, erosion and corrosion of metals, and for on-stream analysis of a wide range of minerals and fuels.

Resistivity refers to the resistance to conduction of electric currents and affects the rate of corrosion of metal and concrete structures.

Flow meters in the pipeline can transmit erroneous flow information, and the corrosion rate of the pipeline is dramatically increased.

While corrosion of these metals is continuous and ongoing, it happens at an acceptably slow rate.

While the corrosion pits only nucleate under fairly extreme circumstances, they can continue to grow even when conditions return to normal, since the interior of a pit is naturally deprived of oxygen and locally the pH decreases to very low values and the corrosion rate increases due to an autocatalytic process.

The rate of corrosion ( R ) is calculated as

The overall corrosion rate is a sum of contributions from both mechanisms ( leaching + dissolution ) NR < sub > i </ sub >= Nrx < sub > i </ sub >+ NRh.

It causes an ion-selective depletion of near surface layers of glasses and gives an inverse square root dependence of corrosion rate with exposure time.

Glass network dissolution is characteristic of the later phases of corrosion and causes a congruent release of ions into the water solution at a time-independent rate in dilute solutions ( g / cm < sup > 2 </ sup >· d ):

Conversely, as the electric current flows from the electrolyte to the cathodic areas the rate of corrosion is reduced.

The internal pipe wall corrosion rate in wet pipe systems ( in which the piping is constantly full of water ) is much lower, as the amount of oxygen available for the corrosion process is lower.

Sacrificial anodes made from iron were attached to the copper sheath of the hull below the waterline and dramatically reduced the corrosion rate of the copper.

Low pH values increase rate of corrosion while high pH values encourage scale formation.

Once bacterial slime starts to grow, the corrosion rate of the system increases.

The rate of corrosion is determined by the electrolyte and the difference in nobility.

A tree often provides numerous additional functions including chemical injection points, well intervention means, pressure relief means, monitoring points ( such as pressure, temperature, corrosion, erosion, sand detection, flow rate, flow composition, valve and choke position feedback ), and connection points for devices such as down hole pressure and temperature transducers ( DHPT ).

A corrosion inhibitor is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy.

It is scheduled to go forward at a rate which will steadily add to our strength.

It is good to know that Georgia will continue to have sufficient electrical power not only to meet the demands of normal growth but to encourage a more rapid rate of industrialization.

No betting man, Mr. Goldberg says he's merely `` putting my neck out again '' by predicting the rate will go down this month.

With our current $3 per hundred tax rate, it is safe to assume that this will qualify when you suggest a community should `` try to develop a modest industrial plant '' as the best way to meet these problems.

Mr. Richard Preston, executive director of the New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, in his remarks to the Governors Conference on Industrial Development at Providence on October 8, 1960, warned against the fallacy of attempting to attract industry solely to reduce the tax rate or to underwrite municipal services such as schools when he said: `` If this is the fundamental reason for a community's interest or if this is the basic approach, success if any will be difficult to obtain ''.

When the Export-Import Bank is prepared to act favorably upon an application, it will so notify the Department of Economic Affairs and will indicate the interest rate and the repayment period which would be used under the proposed loan.

The interest rate will be similar to those prevailing in India on comparable loans and the maturities will be consistent with the purposes of the financing.

Our current rate of incoming orders has now contracted and unless this trend can be reversed, our production for 1961 will be lower than for 1960.

The best results will be obtained by matching the correct speed with a steady feed pressure that lets the tool cut easily at an even rate.

The same model car might be available in six or eight countries, yet not two countries will have the same rate either for the daily rate or rate per kilometer driven.

The recovery will probably be sparked by a rising rate of housing starts next spring in response to more readily available mortgage credit, as well as by an expansion of Government spending, well sustained consumer spending, and some rebuilding of business inventories.

Moreover, it is likely that Federal policies aimed at stimulating a faster rate of economic growth of the country, to keep ahead of the Communist countries and to demonstrate that our free economic system is better than theirs, will lead to rising Federal spending in certain areas such as education, housing, medical aid, and the like.

According to the latest projections of the Bureau of the Census, the annual rate of household formations will increase for the next 20 years.

Under the most favorable assumptions for increase, the Bureau of the Census projects that the annual rate of household formations will rise from about 883,000 in the last two years of the Fifties to an annual rate of about 1,018,000 in the first five years of the Sixties, and to a slightly higher annual rate of 1,083,000 in the second half of the decade.

It provides that the $1,800 termination payment each cadet is to get, after serving a two-year hitch without pay, will be spread over both years, not taxed in its entirety at a possibly higher rate in the year received.

For example, if an author is paid a modest advance of $ 2000. 00, and their royalty rate is 10 % of a book priced at $ 20. 00-that is, $ 2. 00 per book-the book will need to sell 1000 copies before any further payment will be made.

The bet in this municipal bond arbitrage is that, over a longer period of time, two similar instruments — municipal bonds and interest rate swaps — will correlate with each other ; they are both very high quality credits, have the same maturity and are denominated in U. S. dollars.

The bank will have higher IT costs, but counts on the multiplier effect of money creation and the interest rate spread to make it a profitable exercise.

With the rapid rate of closure, the approach from below, the side, and ahead, there would be only a moment when damage could be done.

Here there may be an analogy with cancer: we can detect cancers by their rapidly accelerating growth, determinable only when related to the more normal rate of healthy growth.

Metropolitan St. Louis's relatively slow rate of growth ought to be a priority concern of the political, business, civic and other leaders on both sides of the Mississippi.

The cost of developing a major weapon system is now so enormous that the greatest care must be exercised in selecting new systems for development, in determining the most satisfactory rate of development, and in deciding the proper time at which either to place a system into production or to abandon it.

The deposit of rupees to the account of the Government of the United States of America in payment for the commodities and for ocean transportation costs financed by the Government of the United States of America ( except excess costs resulting from the requirement that United States flag vessels be used ) shall be made at the rate of exchange for United States dollars generally applicable to import transactions ( excluding imports granted a preferential rate ) in effect on the dates of dollar disbursement by United States banks, or by the Government of the United States of America, as provided in the purchase authorizations.

Interest at the rate of 6% a year must be paid on taxes that are not paid on or before their due date.

I look for TV sales and production to be approximately equal at 5.7 million sets for the year, but I look for some decline in radios from the high rate in 1961 to more nearly the 1959 level of 15.0 - 15.5 million sets.

These are to be fed at a rate to provide 10 milligrams DES per head daily.

The rate of the gas phase exchange reaction appears to be proportional to the first power of the absorbed light intensity indicating that the radical intermediates are removed at the walls or by reaction with an impurity rather than by bimolecular radical combination reactions.

-- Although there was some variation in results which must be attributed either to trace impurities or to variation in wall effects, the photochemical exchange in the gas phase was sufficiently reproducible so that it seemed meaningful to compare the reaction rates in different series of reaction tubes for the purpose of obtaining information on the effect of chlorine concentration and of carbon tetrachloride concentration on the reaction rate.

The fertility rate pattern would seem to be a function, though a latent one, of the process of maintaining the boundary.