Afonso did not pursue territory enlargement policies and managed to insure peace with Castile during his reign.

The first years of his reign were marked instead by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters.

The last part of Afonso IV's reign is marked not by open warfare against Castile, but by political intrigue.

Afonso III continued to reign until his death in 16 February 1279, but the peace of his later years was broken by the rebellion ( 1277 – 1279 ) of Dinis.

The first Portuguese viscountcy, that of D. Leonel de Lima, visconde de Vila Nova de Cerveira, dates from the reign of Afonso V. A flood of viscountcies, some 86 new titles, was awarded in Portugal between 1848 and 1880 ( Portuguese Wikipedia ).

A second was made in the reign of his son and successor, Afonso III ( 1248 – 1279 ), under the Inquirições or royal commissions in 1258, intending to base the territory of Trás-os-Montes on so-called " new towns " under direct control of the Crown.

It was not until the reign of Afonso III that it was firmly integrated into the kingdom's domain ( 1160 ).

During the reign of Afonso II, when the king continued to provoke the ire of the Papacy, Portuguese knights attacked the Galician tenancy of his half-brother Martin Sanches ( who lived in the kingdom of Alfonso IX of León ), possibly since the Bishop of Braga had estates in that region.

* Edward McMurdo, The History of Portugal ( 2 ); The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the reign of D. Afonso V, General Books LLC, ( 2009 )

Between the reign of Afonso IV and the 20th century there were numerous alterations to the limits of the nation, a consequence of development and population growth.

Portalegre was founded in the reign of Afonso III, in 1259.

In 1338, during the reign of Afonso IV, it was once again transferred to Lisbon, from whence it returned in 1354, this time to the centre of the town which was then in full expansion.

Loriga was the municipal seat since the 12th century, receiving forals in 1136 ( João Rhânia, master of the Terras de Loriga for over two decades, during the reign of Afonso Henriques ), 1249 ( during the reign of Afonso III ), 1474 ( under King Afonso V ) and finally in 1514 ( by King Manuel I ).

The first known battle of the Portuguese Navy was in 1180, during the reign of Portugal's first king, Afonso I of Portugal.

After fifty years of coastal exploration, the Portuguese finally reached Elmina in 1471, during the reign of King Afonso V. However, because Portuguese royalty had lost interest in African exploration as a result of meager returns, the Guinea trade was put under the oversight of the Portuguese trader, Fernão Gomes.

During the reign of Afonso Henriques the region was governed by Moço Viegas, son of Egas Moniz.

According to the Malay Annals, the Portuguese army, led by Afonso de Albuquerque, launched a second assault on Malacca ( during the reign of Sultan Ahmad Shah ), the first being repulsed by the late Bendahara Tun Mutahir.

The main ramparts and walls of the Castelo de Abrantes, captured from the Moors during the reign of Afonso I of Portugal.

With the Kingdom of Portugal established, during the reign of Afonso III of Portugal the royal inventory () determined that settlement was dispersed, occupying many of the lowlands lands on the avails of agriculture.

During the four years of his reign disaster followed on disaster, and in 1695 Ahmed II died at Edirne Palace, worn out by disease and sorrow.

He flourished about 280 BC, in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

Alfonso was the eldest son of Prince Francisco de Asis de Borbón-Dos Sicilias and Queen Isabel II, whose reign was marked by a constant political crisis which had several causes.

He initially sought to maintain the Aragonese control over Sicily early in his reign by supporting the claims to island of his brother, James II of Aragon.

Amos, an older contemporary of Hosea and Isaiah, was active c. 750 BC during the reign of Jeroboam II, making the Book of Amos the first biblical prophetic book written.

Amos was a prophet during the reign of Jeroboam ben Joash ( Jeroboam II ), ruler of Israel from 793 BC to 753 BC, and the reign of Uzziah, King of Judah, at a time when both kingdoms ( Israel in the North and Judah in the South ) were peaking in prosperity.

Andronikos II was also plagued by economic difficulties and during his reign the value of the Byzantine hyperpyron depreciated precipitously while the state treasury accumulated less than one seventh the revenue ( in nominal coins ) that it had done previously.

A favorite of his paternal grandfather Andronikos II in the later years of his reign.

During his reign, Bayezid II consolidated the Ottoman Empire and thwarted a Safavid rebellion soon before abdicating his throne to his son, Selim I.

Throughout his reign, Bayezid II engaged in numerous campaigns to conquer the Venetian possessions in Morea, accurately defining this region as the key to future Ottoman naval power in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of Constantius II ( 317-361 ), when their island was already dominated by the Salii, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons.

This was followed by a second series, Blackadder II ( 1986 ) set during the reign of Elizabeth I, a third series Blackadder the Third ( 1987 ) set during the late 18th and early 19th centuries in the reign of George III, and finally Blackadder Goes Forth ( 1989 ) in 1917, set in the trenches of the Great War.

Blackadder II is set in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I ( 1558 – 1603 ), played by Miranda Richardson.

Set in the reign of Jeroboam II ( 786-746 BC ), it was probably written in the post-exilic period, sometime between the late fifth to early fourth century BC.

The Jonah mentioned in II Kings 14: 25 lived during the reign of Jeroboam II ( 786-746 BC ) and was from the city of Gath-hepher.

The Liberal Party grew out of the Whigs, which had its origins as an aristocratic faction in the reign of Charles II.

Nebuchadnezzar successfully fought the Pharaohs Psammetichus II and Apries throughout his reign, and during the reign of Pharaoh Amasis in 568 BC it is rumoured that he may have briefly invaded Egypt itself.

The first explanation is that the ancestral game was introduced to Britain from France during the reign of Charles II of England, and was played under the name of paille-maille or pall mall, derived ultimately from Latin words for " ball and mallet ".

Constantius II coin, celebrating the 15th year of his reign.

Jaivana | Jaivan Cannon-World's largest Cannon on wheels, which was cast in India during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah by his Kiladar, Jai Singh II.

The entry for the reign between Áed and Donald II is corrupt in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, and in this case the Chronicle is at variance with every other king list.

The Cantigas de Santa Maria (" Canticles of Holy Mary ";, ) are 420 poems with musical notation, written in Galician-Portuguese during the reign of Alfonso X El Sabio ( 1221 – 1284 ) and often attributed to him.

His reign, like those of his predecessors, was dominated by the actions of Viking rulers in the British Isles, particularly the Uí Ímair (" the grandsons of Ímar ", or Ivar the Boneless ).

The development of the Tsar's autocratic powers reached a peak during the reign ( 1547 – 1584 ) of Ivan IV (" Ivan the Terrible ").

The Mongolic-speaking Xianbei originally formed a part of the Donghu confederation, but existed even before that time, as evidenced by a mention in the Guoyu (" 晉語八 " section ) which states that during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou ( reigned 1042-1021 BC ) the Xianbei came to participate at a meeting of Zhou subject-lords at Qiyang ( 岐阳 ) ( now Qishan County ) but were only allowed to perform the fire ceremony under the supervision of Chu ( 楚 ), since they were not vassals by covenant ( 诸侯 ).

The Löwenburg (" Lions Castle ") is a replica of a medieval castle, also built during the reign of Wilhelm IX.

The dominant religious belief in China during the reign of the Qin, and, in fact, during much of early imperial China, was focused on the shen ( roughly translating to " spirits "), yin (" shadows "), and the realm they were said to live in.

In 179, the Roman fort Castra Regina (" fortress by the river Regen ") was built for Legio III Italica during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

A solidus of Constantine as well as a gold medallion from his reign depict the Emperor's bust in profile twinned (" jugate ") with Sol Invictus, with the legend.

Sumerian references to the Mar. tu (" tent dwellers " – considered to be Amorite ) country West of the Euphrates date from even earlier than Sargon, at least to the reign of the Sumerian king, Enshakushanna of Uruk.

* 164 BC – Antiochus IV Epiphanes (" God Manifest "), Seleucid king of the Syrian kingdom who has reigned since 175 BC, and has encouraged Greek culture and institutions but also attempted to suppress Judaism, which has led to the uprisings in Judea towards the end of his reign ( b. c. 215 BC )

(" Fly Away " returned to No. 1 after the two week reign of " Let It Shine ".

* Antiochus IV Epiphanes (" God Manifest "), Seleucid king of the Syrian kingdom who has reigned since 175 BC, and has encouraged Greek culture and institutions but also attempted to suppress Judaism, which has led to the uprisings in Judea towards the end of his reign ( b. c. 215 BC )

After the campaigns of Alfonso I of Asturias ( 739-757 ) against the Moors, the city was abandoned, being in the largely empty buffer zone between Moors and Christians known at the time as " The Desert of the Duero ", and was part of the Repoblación (" repopulation ") effort carried out a century later during the reign of Ordoño I of Asturias ( 850-866 ).

At the beginning of the reign he vetoed the unprecedented title Mater Patriae (" Mother of the Fatherland ") that the Senate wanted to bestow upon her, in the same manner in which Augustus had been named Pater Patriae (" Father of the Fatherland ").

Eusebius recorded the poet's first experience of fame (" agnoscitur ") somewhere between 542 and 537 BC and this better fits the period of Polycrates ' reign.

Shenmue was originally touted as a " FREE " (" Full Reactive Eyes Entertainment ") game offering an unparalleled level of player freedom, giving them full reign to explore an expansive persistent sandbox city with its own day-night cycles, changing weather, and fully voiced non-player characters going about their daily routines.

The Mongolic-speaking Xianbei originally formed a part of the Donghu confederation, but existed even before that time, as evidenced by a mention in the Guoyu (" 晉語八 " section ) which states that during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou ( reigned 1042-1021 BC ) the Xianbei came to participate at a meeting of Zhou subject-lords at Qiyang ( 岐阳 ) ( now Qishan County ) but were only allowed to perform the fire ceremony under the supervision of Chu ( 楚 ), since they were not vassals by covenant ( 诸侯 ).

Later, when he took over the reign, he stayed most time at this residence and called it Ludwigslust (" Ludwig's joy ").

The first allotments (" dachas ") in Russia began to appear during the reign of Peter the Great.

Throughout the reign of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia ( 1688 – 1740 ) the unit was known as the " Potsdamer Riesengarde " (" giant guard of Potsdam ") in German, but the Prussian population quickly nicknamed them the Lange Kerls (" long guys ").

Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae de Trums juxta paganos (" The Church of Saint Mary in Troms near the Heathens " – the nominal " heathens " being the Sámi ), was built during the reign of King Hákon Hákonarson.

* A Buddhist reliquary found in Bajaur bears a dedicatory inscription referring to " the 14th day of the month of Kārttika " of a certain year in the reign of " Mahārāja Minadra " (" Great King Menander "):