The idea that the Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic languages are closely related to each other was allegedly first published in 1730 by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, a Swedish officer who traveled in the eastern Russian Empire while a prisoner of war after the Great Northern War.

In sum, the idea was that Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic form a Sprachbund – the result of convergence through intensive borrowing and long contact among speakers of languages that are not necessarily closely related.

This idea leads into the understanding of how abiotic stress and endangered species are related.

In Confucianism, the concept of li is closely related to yì (), which is based upon the idea of reciprocity.

He later related that he had no idea of the familial connections when the Marquess of Milford Haven introduced himself after one of the shows and said he would like his cousins to see Kaye perform.

De Camp and Ley have claimed ( in their Lands Beyond ) that Leonhard Euler also proposed a hollow-Earth idea, getting rid of multiple shells and postulating an interior sun across to provide light to advanced inner-Earth civilization but they provide no references ; indeed, Euler did not propose a hollow-Earth, but there is a slightly related thought experiment.

* Vagina Jam-an infamous idea often referenced in ideas that are only vaguely related.

Kubla Khan is also related to the genre of fragmentary poetry, with internal images reinforcing the idea of fragmentation that is found within the form of the poem.

A related early idea was Prout's hypothesis, formulated by English chemist William Prout, who proposed that the hydrogen atom was the fundamental atomic unit.

The origin of the word is from Ancient Greek, and the idea originally related to Buddhist monks in 550 BC.

Categories can represent words, ideas, tasks, or other items related to a central key word or idea.

The processes by which bodies related to environments became of great concern, and the idea of being itself became difficult to really define.

Some argue that panentheism should also include the notion that God has always been related to some world or another, which denies the idea of creation out of nothing ( creatio ex nihilo ).

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

The related but distinct idea of ' exogenesis ' () is a more limited hypothesis that proposes life on Earth was transferred from elsewhere in the Universe but makes no prediction about how widespread it is.

The idea is to count the primes ( or a related set such as the set of prime powers ) with weights to arrive at a function with smoother asymptotic behavior.

Their findings, published in Genome Research, claimed the idea that members of higher castes are more closely related to Europeans than are the lower castes.

An idea closely related, but not identical, to the statute of limitations is a statute of repose.

Sorre developed a schema of society related to the ecological idea of habitat, which was applied to an urban context by the sociologist Paul-Henry Chombart de Lauwe.

A related idea is to obtain economies of scale from building simple, massive, multi-stage rockets using cheap, off-the-shelf parts.

Another Scripture text that Catholics generally understand as related to the Eucharist is the Gospel of John's account of Jesus as saying: " Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood you have no life in you … he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me and I in him " (), a statement that he did not tone down when, as a result, many of his disciples then abandoned him (), shocked at the idea.

In related stories, the creation idea is caused by a single entity emanating or producing something by him-or herself, as in the Tibetan Buddhism concept of Adi-Buddha, the ancient Greek story of Gaia ( Mother Earth ), the Aztec goddess Coatlicue myth, the ancient Egyptian god Atum story, or the Genesis creation narrative.

According to Reijer Hooykaas ( 1963 ), Lyell's uniformitarianism is a family of four related propositions, not a single idea:

Capra made his primary focus the creation of " one basic, powerful idea " that would spread and evolve into other related ideas.

" Lipscomb and his coworkers developed the idea of transferability of atomic properties, by which approximate theories for complex molecules are developed from more exact calculations for simpler but chemically related molecules ,..."

The Vicuña and Guanaco can be found living in the Altiplano, while the closely related domesticated Llama and Alpaca are widely kept by locals as pack animals and for their meat and wool.

However, together they address phenomena related to living organisms ( biological phenomena ) over a wide range of scales, from biophysics to ecology.

By comparison to biotechnology, bioengineering is generally thought of as a related field with its emphasis more on higher systems approaches ( not necessarily altering or using biological materials directly ) for interfacing with and utilizing living things.

Examples of people earning a living in this way would be farmers who own their own land and related machinery, plumbers who own their own tools, software developers who own their own computer, etc.

Some Indo-Europeanists claim that Greek seems to be most closely related to Armenian ( see also Graeco-Armenian ) and the Indo-Iranian languages ( see Graeco-Aryan ) among the living Indo-European languages.

Gaia philosophy ( named after Gaia, Greek goddess of the Earth ) is a broadly inclusive term for related concepts that living organisms on a planet will affect the nature of their environment in order to make the environment more suitable for life.

At Harmony, Pennsylvania, four to six members were assigned to a home, where they lived as families, although not all those living in the household were related.

His Commentary on Daniel was expressly written to offset the criticisms of Porphyry, who taught that Daniel related entirely to the time of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and was written by an unknown individual living in the 2nd century BC.

Nobles avoided killing each other, rather preferring capturing them alive, for several reasons — for one thing, many were related to each other, had fought alongside one another, and they were all ( more or less ) members of the same elite culture ; for another, a noble's ransom could be very high, and indeed some made a living by capturing and ransoming nobles in battle.

To reflect this phylogenetic proximity, they are termed termed ' stem group tetrapods ' or simply ' stem tetrapods ' - i. e. it lies on a branch more closely related to the lineage that led to tetrapods as recognised by a taxonomist than to their nearest living relatives, the lungfish.

The prominent Wiccan priestess Starhawk related that a core part of goddess-centred pagan witchcraft was " the understanding that all being is interrelated, that we are all linked with the cosmos as parts of one living organism.

Whereas Plato idealized geometry, Aristotle emphasized nature and related disciplines and therefore much of his thinking concerns living beings and their properties.

In a related story, a group of isolated humans had been living for several generations on an alien planet, on extremely good terms with its non-human inhabitants and without the slightest conflict with them.

It is the sole living representative of its family ( Ornithorhynchidae ) and genus ( Ornithorhynchus ), though a number of related species have been found in the fossil record.

The recognition of the relation between combustion and metabolism was a forerunner of the recognition that the metabolism of living organisms and combustion can be understood in terms of fundamentally related chemical processes.

The red panda is considered a living fossil and only distantly related to the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ).

All four living species are vulnerable to extinction from habitat loss and other negative impacts related to human population growth and coastal development.

The Semitic languages are a group of related languages whose living representatives are spoken by more than 270 million people across much of the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.

An 1855 paper on the " introduction " of species, written by Alfred Russel Wallace, claimed that patterns in the geographical distribution of living and fossil species could be explained if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species.

Although whales and dolphins ( Cetacea ) do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls, and thus are directly related to other even-toed ungulates such as cattle, with hippopotamuses being their closest living relatives.

However, the effect of ionizing radiation on matter ( especially living tissue ) is more closely related to the amount of energy deposited into them rather than the charge generated.

This field encompasses a set of disciplines that examines phenomena related to living organisms.

As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria.

Because hyoliths are extinct and do not obviously resemble any extant group, it is unclear which living group they are most closely related to.

There are over a million speakers of the Domari language ( an Indo-Aryan language related to Romany ), mostly living north of Cairo, and there are about 60, 000 Greek speakers in Alexandria.