The condition number is defined more precisely to be the maximum ratio of the relative error in x divided by the relative error in b.

The ratio of the relative error in the solution to the relative error in b is

Such a formula for estimating energy typically has relative error of order of 10 %, but can be used to get a rough qualitative idea and understanding of a molecule.

The upper bound on the relative error for the Cooley – Tukey algorithm is O ( ε log N ), compared to O ( εN < sup > 3 / 2 </ sup >) for the naïve DFT formula ( Gentleman and Sande, 1966 ), where ε is the machine floating-point relative precision.

Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

) Instead, the theorem states that x / ln ( x ) approximates π ( x ) in the sense that the relative error of this approximation approaches 0 as x approaches infinity.

The prime number theorem is equivalent to the statement that the nth prime number p < sub > n </ sub > is approximately equal to n ln ( n ), again with the relative error of this approximation approaching 0 as n approaches infinity.

This high error rate allows mutations to accumulate at an accelerated rate relative to proofread forms of replication.

The margin of error can be quite high relative to the actual unemployment rate, making it hard to use the NAIRU in policy-making.

Soft 404s can occur as a result of configuration errors when using certain HTTP server software, for example with the Apache software, when an Error Document 404 ( specified in a. htaccess file ) is specified as an absolute path ( e. g. < nowiki > http :// example. com / error. html </ nowiki >) rather than a relative path (/ error. html ).

( However, digital networks offer an incidence of error extraordinarily small relative to that of analog networks.

The word error entails different meanings and usages relative to how it is conceptually applied.

The maximum relative rounding error when rounding a number to the nearest representable one ( the machine epsilon ) is therefore 2 < sup >− 53 </ sub >.

The relative geometry error within the illustration is common to many older illustrations, an error slowly being more commonly recognized within the last decade.

" Although this small " velocity " was measured, it was considered far too small to be used as evidence of speed relative to the aether, and it was understood to be within the range of an experimental error that would allow the speed to actually be zero.

It occurs when an operation on two numbers increases relative error substantially more than it increases absolute error, for example in subtracting two nearly equal numbers ( known as catastrophic cancellation ).

Says he, `` I may never imagine that in the struggle between personal and supra-personal responsibility it is possible to make a compromise between the ethical and the purposive in the shape of a relative ethic ; ;

A relative newcomer in outdoor signs is Mylar polyester film, now used as a printed overlay for trans-illuminated signs ( see below ).

The result of the observations is Af where the phase angle, Q, is measured in degrees from new moon and the probable errors include absolute as well as relative errors.

There is another means which should show the direction and relative value of the stresses in viscoelastic fluids that is not mentioned as such in the literature, and that is the shape of the suspended drops of low viscosity fluids in shear fields.

The relative forces can be calculated from the various radii of curvature if we assume: ( A ) The surface tension is uniform on the surface of the drop.

The last column shows the rate of exchange that would have been observed at a relative intensity of 4 ( 14.7 cm. distance ) calculated on the assumptions that the incident light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the lamp from the cell and that the rate is directly proportional to the incident light intensity.

If such is the case, the particles within a distance of about Af of the Earth will have, relative to the Earth, a kinetic energy less than their potential energy and they will be captured into orbits about the Earth.

One issue that must be faced is the relative difficulty of analysis of different phonologic subsystems.

For the purposes of this discussion, the problem of relative prices is encompassed in these two variables, since GNP includes other prices.

This is stated to emphasize the necessity for an over-all concept of submarine defense, one which would provide positions of relative importance to ASW elements based on projected potentialities.

The concept of unity, in which positive and negative are attributes of the same force, in which good and evil are relative, ever-changing, and always joined to the same phenomenon -- such a concept is still reserved to the physical sciences and to the few who have grasped the history of ideas.

To understand American politics is, simply, to know people, to know the relative weight of names -- who are heroes, who are straw men, who controls, who does not.

Thus, giving grades and promotions based only on an individual's performance relative to a small local group, as is common, may reduce cooperative behaviors in the group.

This is the notion that particular cultures should not be judged by one culture's values or viewpoints, but that all cultures should be viewed as relative to each other.

The last stage in the development of the Kouros type is the late archaic period ( 520 – 485 BC ), in which the Greek sculpture attained a full knowledge of human anatomy and used to create a relative harmonious whole.

The emphasis is given in anatomy, and it is one of the first attempts to represent a kind of motion, and beauty relative to proportions, which appear mostly in post-Archaic art.

In the Pollard script, an abugida, vowels are indicated by diacritics, but the placement of the diacritic relative to the consonant is modified to indicate the tone.

Following each individual brick should be a layer of adobe mortar, recommended to be at least an inch thick to make certain there is ample strength between the brick ’ s edges and also to provide a relative moisture barrier during the seasons where the arid climate does produce rain.

This means that the programmer must know a " language " that is effective relative to the target computing agent ( computer / computor ).

This is particularly bad if the standard deviation is small relative to the mean.

Furthermore, unexpectedly rapid progress or a technological break-through on any one weapon system, in itself, often diminishes the relative importance of other competitive systems.

Mary Todd Lincoln kept house, often with the help of a relative or hired servant girl.

The term or, which gives the ( unnormalised ) relative probability of a state, is called the Boltzmann factor and appears often in the study of physics and chemistry.

Local public BDSM communities often have strong ties with distant BDSM communities, with popular educators traveling widely ; large events attracting attendees from wide areas ( and occasionally internationally ); popular speakers, authors, or players gaining relative celebratory status ; and websites attracting over a million members.

Yet heart problems often produce no symptoms until very advanced, and many symptoms, such as palpitations and sensations of extra or missing heart beats correlate poorly with relative heart health vs disease.

Game scores will often be much higher than in standard Scrabble, due to the relative ease of making high-scoring overlap plays and easier access to premium squares.

Its similarities to the original transform, S ( f ), and its relative computational ease are often the motivation for computing a DFT.

Food webs are often limited relative to the real world.

Fictional languages are separated from artistic languages by both purpose and relative completion: a fictional language often has the least amount of grammar and vocabulary possible, and rarely extends beyond the absolutely necessary.

Instead of true cinnamon, " Chinese cinnamon " ( also known as rougui, the ground bark of the cassia tree, a close relative of true cinnamon which is often sold as cinnamon ), may be used.

As the planet is often reached by means of time travel, its relative present could conceivably exist anywhere in the Earth's past or future before the year 100 trillion, which the Time Lords never reached.

Patients with type 2 diabetes are often insulin resistant and, because of such resistance, may suffer from a " relative " insulin deficiency.

Kidney morphology, often indexed as the relative medullary thickness, is associated with habitat aridity among species of mammals.

* Economy of scale: This refers to the fact that the combined company can often reduce its fixed costs by removing duplicate departments or operations, lowering the costs of the company relative to the same revenue stream, thus increasing profit margins.

However, certain cosmic entities, such as Galactus, In-Betweener, Maelstrom, or The Stranger have demonstrated personality, motivations, or ( except for the first mention ) even ambitions beyond their functions, but often maintain the perspective that morality is entirely relative, or that destroying civilisations of " lesser " beings is no more evil than if these beings destroyed an anthill.

Estimating the dates of these remains is essential but difficult: sometimes adjacent rock layers allow radiometric dating, which provides absolute dates that are accurate to within 0. 5 %, but more often palaeontologists have to rely on relative dating by solving the " jigsaw puzzles " of biostratigraphy.

Key experimental techniques in proteomics include 2D electrophoresis, which allows the separation of a large number of proteins, mass spectrometry, which allows rapid high-throughput identification of proteins and sequencing of peptides ( most often after in-gel digestion ), protein microarrays, which allow the detection of the relative levels of a large number of proteins present in a cell, and two-hybrid screening, which allows the systematic exploration of protein – protein interactions.

Compared to Web browsing, e-mail or many other uses of the internet, where data is only transferred in short intervals and relative small quantities, P2P file-sharing often consists of relatively heavy bandwidth usage due to ongoing file transfers and swarm / network coordination packets.

Other units include dBm, a relative logarithmic measure with 1 milliwatt as reference ; ( food ) calories per hour ( often referred to as kilocalories per hour ); Btu per hour ( Btu / h ); and tons of refrigeration ( 12, 000 Btu / h ).

Rock and roll is often identified with the emergence of teen culture among the first baby boomer generation, who had both greater relative affluence, leisure and who adopted rock and roll as part of a distinct sub-culture.

Anne Lee's family was often succored by a relative, William Henry Fitzhugh, who owned the Oronoco Street house and allowed the Lees to stay at his home in Fairfax County, Ravensworth.

Due to its relative newness as a field of study, formal education in software engineering is often taught as part of a computer science curriculum, and many software engineers hold computer science degrees.

The unpredictability of the TARDIS's short-range guidance ( relative to the size of the Universe ) has often been a plot point in the Doctor's travels.

Despite the relative ease of executive agreements, the President still often chooses to pursue the formal treaty process over an executive agreement in order to gain congressional support on matters that require the Congress to pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds, and those agreements that impose long-term, complex legal obligations on the U. S.

Nowadays manufacturers will often use a thermostat bath or solid block where the temperature is held constant relative to a calibrated thermometer.