Operated from 1989 to 1993, Hipparcos measured large and small angles on the sky with much greater precision than any previous optical telescopes.

Shot noise is a type of electronic noise that occurs when the finite number of particles ( such as electrons in an electronic circuit or photons in an optical device ) is small enough to give rise to statistical fluctuations in a signal.

The Gaussian theory, however, is only true so long as the angles made by all rays with the optical axis ( the symmetrical axis of the system ) are infinitely small, i. e. with infinitesimal objects, images and lenses ; in practice these conditions are not realized, and the images projected by uncorrected systems are, in general, ill defined and often completely blurred, if the aperture or field of view exceeds certain limits.

It wasn't until 1977 that the directors of the group decided to establish a laboratory with the mission of creating a small optical digital audio disc and a small player.

Videos of rod-shaped objects moving quickly through the air were claimed by some to be alien life forms or small UFOs, but subsequent experiments showed that these rods appear in film because of an optical illusion / collusion ( especially in interlaced video recording ).

The dwarf planet Pluto was discovered as late as 1929, the delay mostly due to its small size, far distance, and optical faintness.

Thermotropic mesophases are detected and characterized by two major methods, the original method was use of thermal optical microscopy, in which a small sample of the material was placed between two crossed polarizers ; the sample was then heated and cooled.

An LED is often small in area ( less than 1 mm < sup > 2 </ sup >), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy illumination technique in which small phase shifts in the light passing through a transparent specimen are converted into amplitude or contrast changes in the image.

MPLS recognizes that small ATM cells are not needed in the core of modern networks, since modern optical networks () are so fast ( at 40 Gbit / s and beyond ) that even full-length 1500 byte packets do not incur significant real-time queuing delays ( the need to reduce such delays — e. g., to support voice traffic — was the motivation for the cell nature of ATM ).

A Mini-mouse is a small egg-sized mouse for use with laptop computers ; usually small enough for use on a free area of the laptop body itself, it is typically optical, includes a retractable cord and uses a USB port to save battery life.

For many materials ( for instance, semiconductors ), electrons move quickly from a high energy level to a meta-stable level via small nonradiative transitions and then make the final move down to the bottom level via an optical or radiative transition.

More significantly, the optical surfaces of small bodies are subject to modification by intense radiation, solar wind and micrometeorites.

In large / small devices, the sample is placed in a heating block, and optical detection is automated.

Gratings with such small periodicity are called subwavelength gratings and exhibit special optical properties.

Fortunately, in optical fibers small amounts of birefringence are always present and, furthermore, the fast and slow axes vary randomly along the fiber length.

The semiconductor optical amplifier is of small size and electrically pumped.

In optical Kerr effect ( OKE ) spectroscopy, optical heterodyning of the OKE signal and a small part of the probe signal produces a mixed signal consisting of probe, heterodyne OKE-probe and homodyne OKE signal.

The approximation holds when the numerical aperture is small, but it turns out that for well-corrected optical systems such as camera lenses, a more detailed analysis shows that is almost exactly equal to even at large numerical apertures.

* Angular resolution, the capability of an optical or other sensor to discern small objects

Shot noise may be dominant when the finite number of particles that carry energy ( such as electrons in an electronic circuit or photons in an optical device ) is sufficiently small so that uncertainties due to the Poisson distribution, which describes the occurrence of independent random events, are of significance.

By taking the derivative of the optical path length, the stationary point is found giving the path taken by the light ( though it should be noted that the result does not show light taking the least time path, but rather one that is stationary with respect to small variations as there are cases where light actually takes the greatest time path, as in a spherical mirror ).

In New York he was well received by what was then only a small brave band of non-figurative artists, including Alexander Calder, George K. L. Morris, De Kooning, Holty and a few others.

On a misty Sunday morning last month, a small band of militant anti-Communists called the Minutemen held maneuvers in a foggy field about fifteen miles east of here.

Undismayed by this contretemps, a small band of the faithful gathered at Lauchli's home at 6:30 A.M. the next day, put on their uniforms, and headed for a farm several miles away.

After a tortuous drive in an open truck and a World War 2, army jeep down soggy trails, the band arrived at a small clearing squeezed between a long, low ridge and a creek-filled gully.

* 1877 – American Indian Wars: Battle of the Big Hole – A small band of Nez Percé Indians clash with the United States Army

His restless and turbulent nature marked him out for a military career ; and having collected a small band of soldiers, he assisted Emperor Charles V in his war with France in 1543.

Capitol Records initially failed to see the band's potential and gave them only low key promotion, forcing the band to play at small venues to try and gain attention.

Together, Levy, Guest and a small band of other actors have formed a loose repertory group, which appear across several films.

The band, who all wore white shirts with a big, black S painted on the front, pulled black ties from around the backs of their necks to form a dollar sign, then started playing a new song titled " Pull My Strings ", a barbed, satirical attack on the ethics of the mainstream music industry, which contained the lyrics, " Is my cock big enough, is my brain small enough, for you to make me a star ?".

The jury and judges also noted, in their words, that Biafra “ lacked credibility ” on the songwriting issue and found from evidence presented by both sides that the songwriting credits were due to the entire band, using a clause in the band's written partnership giving a small share of every Dead Kennedys song royalty directly to the band partnership.

Performance jobs include playing as a freelancer in small groups, large ensembles, or performing solo music, either live onstage or as a session player for radio or TV broadcasts or for recordings ; and working as the employee of an orchestra, big band, or recording studio ( as the studio's house bassist ).

Robert Schwartzman is the lead singer in the band Rooney and appeared in The Princess Diaries as well as having small appearances in several films, including his cousin Sofia's The Virgin Suicides.

The small band of adventurers dragged as much gold and silver as they could carry back across some 18 miles of jungle-covered mountains to where they had left the raiding boats.

With a small band of companions, he headed south on 11 May to Friedrichskoog, without a final destination in mind.

These were countered by another small band of Huns hired by Honorius ' minister Olympius.

On 24 December 1989, a small band of rebels led by Doe's former procurement chief, Charles Taylor invaded Liberia from Côte d ' Ivoire.

Next Marvin performed in the hit Western The Professionals ( 1966 ), in which he played the leader of a small band of skilled mercenaries ( Burt Lancaster, Robert Ryan, and Woody Strode ) rescuing a kidnap victim ( Claudia Cardinale ) shortly after the Mexican Revolution.

The most important consequence of the periodic potential is the formation of a small band gap at the boundary of the Brillouin zone.

There are a number of specialist units within the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince, which include a motorcycle section ( for rapid-response and motorcycle outriding ); a bodyguard and protection unit ; a diving unit with military, rescue, and scientific capabilities ; a military first-aid unit which provides first-aid and ambulance cover at public and sporting events ; and a military band, which includes state trumpeters, a brass ensemble, and a small orchestra, as well as being a marching band for ceremonial purposes.

First, the band was arrested and then released at Edmonton International Airport for wearing their spiked stage wardrobe ( considered " dangerous weapons ") through Customs and for Neil arriving with a small carry-on filled with porn magazines ( considered " indecent material "); both were staged PR stunts.

The band members each stated in interviews that, due in no small part to their collective push for sobriety, Dr. Feelgood was their most solid album musically to that point, and indeed, it was their best selling album to date.

These events led to Owain being proclaimed Prince of Wales on 16 September 1400, by a small band of followers which included his eldest son, his brothers-in-law, and the Dean of St Asaph in the town of Corwen, possibly in the church of SS Mael & Sulien.

They appeared in music halls and pubs during the 19th century, providing entertainment through a piano soloist, or in combination with a small band.