The term finds its formal definition in combinatorial game theory, where it specifically means that it directly changes the outcome of the game from a win to a loss.

The related term enumeration refers to uniquely identifying the elements of a finite ( combinatorial ) set or infinite set by assigning a number to each element.

The term, "' combinatorial ' appears to have been first applied to twelve-tone music by Milton Babbitt " in 1950, when he published a review of René Leibowitz's books Schoenberg et son école and Qu ' est ce qu la musique de douze sons?

Combinatoriality may be used to create an aggregate of all twelve tones, though the term often refers simply to combinatorial rows stated together.

In mathematics, the term combinatorial proof is often used to mean either of two types of proof of an identity in enumerative combinatorics that either states that two sets of combinatorial configurations, depending on one or more parameters, have the same number of elements ( for all values of the parameters ), or gives a formula for the number of one such set of configurations in terms of the parameters:

The term " combinatorial proof " may also be used more broadly to refer to any kind of elementary proof in combinatorics.

Moreover, the term " geometric group theory " came to often include studying discrete groups using probabilistic, measure-theoretic, arithmetic, analytic and other approaches that lie outside of the traditional combinatorial group theory arsenal.

Also, the term combinatorial geometry, sometimes abbreviated to geometry, was intended to replace " simple matroid ".

The term " maturity " relates to the degree of formality and optimization of processes, from ad hoc practices, to formally defined steps, to managed result metrics, to active optimization of the processes.

Given the extraordinary competition and technological craftsmanship required for top search engine placement, the implication of the term " search engine optimization " has deteriorated over the last decade.

Such a formulation is called an optimization problem or a mathematical programming problem ( a term not directly related to computer programming, but still in use for example in linear programming-see History below ).

Historically, the first term for optimization was " linear programming ", which was due to George B. Dantzig, although much of the theory had been introduced by Leonid Kantorovich in 1939.

The filter design process can be described as an optimization problem where each requirement contributes with a term to an error function which should be minimized.

A term intended to describe this style of play without pejorative connotation is optimization, also known as " XP farming ".

The term H < sub >∞</ sub > comes from the name of the mathematical space over which the optimization takes place: H < sub >∞</ sub > is the space of matrix-valued functions that are analytic and bounded in the open right-half of the complex plane defined by Re ( s ) > 0 ; the H < sub >∞</ sub > norm is the maximum singular value of the function over that space.

Hessian matrices are used in large-scale optimization problems within Newton-type methods because they are the coefficient of the quadratic term of a local Taylor expansion of a function.

The name is a pun on the term “ cursor optimization ”.

The term encompasses simulation, validation, and optimization of products and manufacturing tools.

We can view the second-stage problem simply as an optimization problem which describes our supposedly optimal behavior when the uncertain data is revealed, or we can consider its solution as a recourse action where the term compensates for a possible inconsistency of the system and is the cost of this recourse action.

The term curse of dimensionality was coined by Richard E. Bellman when considering problems in dynamic optimization.

Many web site optimization efforts may be exerted in an attempt gain the highest " search indexing " or " ranking " placement ( as close to first place as possible ) for directed term ( s ) or phrase ( s ).

The term " decision analytic " has often been reserved for decisions that do not appear to lend themselves to mathematical optimization methods.

However, the term ' Bellman equation ' usually refers to the dynamic programming equation associated with discrete-time optimization problems.

While the NFL results constitute, in a strict sense, full employment theorems for optimization professionals, it is important not to take the term literally.

In genetic algorithms, the term of premature convergence means that a population for an optimization problem converged too early, resulting in being suboptimal.

In mathematical optimization, the cutting-plane method is an umbrella term for optimization methods which iteratively refine a feasible set or objective function by means of linear inequalities, termed cuts.

Welding Software is a general term for welding related software, i. e. applications addressing variety of topics associated with the welding industry, including base metal selection software, filler metal selection, machine welding settings / instructions, weld automation and tracking, welding code reference, welding documentation ( Procedures and Personnel ), welding gas distribution & supply, welding health & safety, welding inspection, welding material tracking, weld imaging / measurement, welding patterns and layouts, welding planning, welding production management, welding robotics, welding simulation and optimization, and other categories continuously being introduced.

Depending on the context, SEM can be an umbrella term for various means of marketing a website including search engine optimization ( SEO ), which adjusts or rewrites website content to achieve a higher ranking in search engine results pages, or it may contrast with pay per click ( PPC ), focusing on only paid components.

For some systems that display a characteristic scale, a global optimization term could potentially be added that would then yield power law behavior.

Capacity optimization is a general term for technologies used to improve storage use by shrinking stored data.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

So in these pages the term `` technology '' is used to include any and all means which could amplify, project, or augment man's control over himself and over other men.

It is of the utmost importance to the people of America and of the world how their governing President `` ends up '' during the four years of his term.

Only when that term is ended and he is a private citizen again can he be permitted the freedom and the courage to discount the dangers of his death.

`` I may possibly be a greater risk than is the normal person of my age '', the President had said on February 29th of the election year, ignoring the fact that no one of his age had ever lived out another term.

Let us not confuse the issue by labeling the objective or the method `` psychoanalytic '', for this is a well established term of art for the specific ideas and procedures initiated by Sigmund Freud and his followers for the study and treatment of disordered personalities.

Mr. Wagner might or might not be a `` new '' Mayor in this third term, now that he is free of the pressure of those party leaders whom he calls `` bosses ''.

This is done at varying speeds, ranging from the slow and fast Shifte Telli ( a musical term meaning double strings ) to the fastest, ecstatic Karshilama ( meaning greetings or welcome ).

the term of loans for working capital is 6 years.

Interim financing of construction costs is provided by a short term loan from The Chase Manhattan Bank.

For the near term, however, it must be realized that the industrial and commercial market is somewhat more sensitive to general business conditions than is the military market, and for this reason I would expect that any gain in 1961 may be somewhat smaller than those of recent years ; ;

If you would feel happier with full collision insurance, there is a small additional charge, again varying from country to country and depending on the term of such insurance.

The collective by which I address you in the title above is neither patronizing nor jocose but an exact industrial term in use among professional thieves.

for, using the fact that N and N' commute Af and so when R is sufficiently large every term in this expression for Af will be 0.

The only other one I shall mention here is his use of the term capitalism.

This is not, however, the case, and development is a term which we can apply to Hardy only in a very limited sense.

`` Disaffiliation '', by the way, is the term used by the critic and poet, Lawrence Lipton, who has written several articles on this subject, the first of which, in The Nation, quoted as Epigraph: `` We disaffiliate.

This term refers to the ability of a material to resist bending stress and is determined by measuring the load required to cause failure by bending.

Incumbent Richard Salter seeks re-election and is opposed by Donald Huffman for the five-year term.

The term " anthropology " is from the Greek anthrōpos (), " man ", understood to mean humankind or humanity, and-logia (- λογία ), " discourse " or " study.

In some European countries, all cultural anthropology is known as ethnology ( a term coined and defined by Adam F. Kollár in 1783 ).

As amoebas themselves are polyphyletic and subject to some imprecision in definition, the term " amoeboid " does not provide identification of an organism, and is better understood as description of locomotion.