As an alternative ethical theory, Lewis offered a form of divine command theory which equated God with goodness and treated goodness as an essential part of reality, thus asserting God's existence.

In the 1960s, theologian Charles Hartshorne scrupulously examined and rejected both deism and pandeism ( as well as pantheism ) in favor of a conception of God whose characteristics included " absolute perfection in some respects, relative perfection in all others " or " AR ", writing that this theory " is able consistently to embrace all that is positive in either deism or pandeism ", concluding that " panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations ".

The remote origins of the theory are rooted in the medieval idea that God had bestowed earthly power on the king, just as God had given spiritual power and authority to the church, centering on the pope.

A weaker or more moderate form of this political theory does hold, however, that the king is subject to the church and the pope, although completely irreproachable in other ways ; but according to this doctrine in its strong form, only God can judge an unjust king.

Some Christian theologians ( particularly neo-Scholastics ) saw Cantor's work as a challenge to the uniqueness of the absolute infinity in the nature of God — on one occasion equating the theory of transfinite numbers with pantheism — a proposition which Cantor vigorously rejected.

It has been suggested that Cantor believed his theory of transfinite numbers had been communicated to him by God.

In her theory the male psyche's ' Horned God ' frequently compensates for inadequate fathering.

In 1931 Murray published a sequel, The God of the Witches, which tries to gather evidence in support of her witch-cult theory.

Hutton's theory led him to conclude that reliance on Bruiel's initial sketch resulted in many later scholars erroneously claiming that " The Sorcerer " was evidence that the concept of a Horned God dated back to Paleolithic times

Margaret Murray's theory of the historical origins of the Horned God has been used by Wiccans to create a myth of historical origins for their religion.

Georg Luck, repeats part of Murray's theory, stating that the Horned God may have appeared in late antiquity, stemming from the merging of Cernunnos, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman Pan / Faunus, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of the devil, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.

According to Adrian Fortescue, the Scholastic theory that God is pure actuality prevented Palamism from having much influence in the West.

" It is a contemporary adaptation of the traditional teleological argument for the existence of God, presented by its advocates as " an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins " rather than " a religious-based idea ".

Agassiz also opposed monogenism and evolution, he claimed that the theory of evolution reduced the wisdom of God to an impersonal materialism.

**** Divine command theory holds that for a thing to be right is for a unique being, God, to approve of it, and that what is right for non-God beings is obedience to the divine will.

Primarily known for her work in Egyptology, which was " the core of her academic career ," she is also known for her propagation of the Witch-cult hypothesis, the theory that the witch trials in the Early Modern period of Christianized Europe and North America were an attempt to extinguish a surviving pre-Christian, pagan religion devoted to a Horned God.

Murray reiterated her Witch-Cult theory in her 1933 book, The God of the Witches.

The philosopher Alvin Plantinga has shifted his focus to justifying belief in God ( that is, those who believe in God, for whatever reasons, are rational in doing so ) through Reformed epistemology, in the context of a theory of warrant and proper cognitive function.

Since the soul is a spiritual substance it is not brought into being through transformation of matter, but directly by God, whence the special uniqueness of each person .." Fifty years later, Pope John Paul II, stating that scientific evidence now seemed to favour the evolutionary theory, upheld the distinction of Pius XII regarding the human soul.

In this way he argues for the existence of God, investigates the place of men in nature, formulates the theory of mind-body dualism and defends free will.

This is an elaboration on the common Christian theory that evil began in heaven when an angelic being ( Lucifer ) rebelled against the Law of God.

However, the existence of God is viewed as any large-scale hypothesis or explanatory theory that aims to make sense of some pertinent facts.

What is the history of criticism but the history of men attempting to make sense of the manifold elements in art that will not allow themselves to be reduced to a single philosophy or a single aesthetic theory??

Accordingly, it is the aim of this essay to advance a new theory of imitation ( which I shall call mimesis in order to distinguish it from earlier theories of imitation ) and a new theory of invention ( which I shall call symbol for reasons to be stated hereafter ).

The central concern of Erich Auerbach's impressive volume called Mimesis is to describe the shift from a classic theory of imitation ( based upon a recognition of levels of truth ) to a Christian theory of imitation in which the levels are dissolved.

And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Thus, in no ordinary sense of ' simplicity ' is the Ptolemaic theory simpler than the Copernican.

Analogously, anyone who argues that Einstein's theory of gravitation is simpler than Newton's, must say rather more to explain how it is that the latter is mastered by student-physicists, while the former can be managed ( with difficulty ) only by accomplished experts.

In a sense, Einstein's theory is simpler than Newton's, and there is a corresponding sense in which Copernicus' theory is simpler than Ptolemy's.

The strongest appeal of the Copernican formulation consisted in just this: ideally, the justification for dealing with special problems in particular ways is completely set out in the basic ' rules ' of the theory.

My reply is that I associate myself with all those who affirm that Gentile-Jewish relations should contribute to the theory and practice of human dignity.

Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.

The point is that an ethical critic, with an assist from Freud, can seize on this theory to argue that tragedy provides us with a harmless outlet for our hostile urges.

In his study Samuel Johnson, Joseph Wood Krutch takes this line when he says that what Aristotle really means by his theory of catharsis is that our evil passions may be so purged by the dramatic ritual that it is `` less likely that we shall indulge them through our own acts ''.

But beginning, for all practical purposes, with Frederick Seebohm's English Village Community scholars have had to reckon with a theory involving institutional and agrarian continuity between Roman and Anglo-Saxon times which is completely at odds with the reigning concept of the Anglo-Saxon invasions.

that theory was and is sound.

procedures change rapidly and parental confidence probably exceeds anything warranted by established psychological theory.

To guard against the tyranny of a numerical majority, Calhoun developed his theory of `` concurrent majority '', which, he said, `` by giving to each portion of the community which may be unequally affected by the action of government, a negative on the others, prevents all partial or local legislation ''.

That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus.

In the face of a clear judgment from archaeology, therefore, it became impossible for a time for scholars to re-adopt the `` shore settled by '' theory.

J. T. Shotwell was appalled by such spurious history as that which attributed the fall of the Carolingian empire to the woolen trade, and he urged Adams to `` transform his essay into a real history, embodying not merely those facts which fit into his theory, but also the modifications and exceptions ''.

However, they do demonstrate the presence of large normal pressures in the presence of flat shear fields which were forecast by the theory in the first part of the paper.

Sample areas in the new investigations were selected strictly by application of the principles of probability theory, so as to be representative of the total population of defined areas within calculable limits.

A state, the highest form of human organization in fact and theory, could be subjected to Law only by a manifestation of self-will, or consent.

The displacement ( at least to a considerable extent ) of the ethical jurisprudence of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by positivism reshaped both international law theory and doctrine.

Philosophy can prevent the working scientist from becoming slothful and self-content by noting the assumptions and level at which a hypothesis or theory is framed.

The theory claims to show by analysis that when we say, `` That is good '', we do not mean to assert a character of the subject of which we are thinking.

On the positivist theory, everything I sought to express by calling it evil in the first case is still present in the second.

In these circumstances, since what was expressed by the remark when first made is, on the theory before us, simply absent, the remark now expresses nothing.

-- On the basis of a differentiability assumption in function space, it is possible to prove that, for materials having the property that the stress is given by a functional of the history of the deformation gradients, the classical theory of infinitesimal viscoelasticity is valid when the deformation has been infinitesimal for all times in the past.

But then this theory confesses that it is completely at a loss as to how the image can possibly be received by the brain.

It is borne out also by the absence of any developed theory about how sin passes from one generation to the next.

Thus, while altruistic persons may under some circumstances be outcompeted by less altruistic persons at the individual level, according to group selection theory the opposite may occur at the group level where groups consisting of the more altruistic persons may outcompete groups consisting of the less altruistic persons.

Group selection theory has criticized by many other evolutionary scientists.