When the North enthusiastically rallied behind the national flag after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, Lincoln concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war effort.

In 1576, the son of Johan Rantzau, Henrik Rantzau, also writes about the war and the fate of the flag.

* The flag of Argentina, created by Manuel Belgrano during the war of independence, was the inspiration for the United Provinces of Central America's flag, which in turn was the origin for the flags of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua.

In some countries the civil flag is the same as the war flag or state flag, but without the coat of arms, such as in the case of Spain, and in others it's an alteration of the war flag.

The Philippines ' armed forces may use their standard national flag, but during times of war the flag is turned upside down.

Bulgaria's flag is also turned upside down during times of war.

Large versions of the war flag flown on the warships of countries ' navies are known as battle ensigns.

In war waving a white flag is a banner of truce or surrender.

However, the Confederate territorial government continued to operate out of Texas, and Confederate troops marched under the Arizona flag until the end of the war.

Most countries of Europe adopted a national flag in the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, often based on older ( medieval ) war flags.

The flag of Switzerland was introduced in 1889, also based on medieval war flags.

Very few countries use a war flag that differs from the state flag.

The Philippines does not have a distinctive war flag in this usual sense, but the flag of the Philippines is legally unique in that it is flown with the red stripe on top when the country is in a state of war, rather than the conventional blue.

And there is no section of the nation more ardent than the South in the cold war against Communism.

Accidental war is so sensitive a subject that most of the people who could become directly involved in one are told just enough so they can perform their portions of incredibly complex tasks.

Already accidental war is a silent guest at the discussions within the Kennedy Administration about the urgency of disarmament and nearly all other questions of national security.

However, the system is designed, ingeniously and hopefully, so that no one man could initiate a thermonuclear war.

I think it is essential, however, to pinpoint here the difference between the two concepts of sovereignty that went to war in 1861 -- if only to see better how imperative is our need today to clarify completely our far worse confusion on this subject.

One is tempted to say that, on the difference between the concepts of sovereignty in these two preambles, the worst war of the Nineteenth century was fought.

To my knowledge, Lincoln remains the only Head of State and Commander-in-Chief who, while fighting a fearful war whose issue was in doubt, proved man enough to say this publicly -- to give his foe the benefit of the fact that in all human truth there is some error, and in all our error, some truth.

This almost trivial example is nevertheless suggestive, for there are some elements in common between the antique fear that the days would get shorter and shorter and our present fear of war.

All his people ask for is no more war.

Although we continue to pay our conversational devotions to `` free private enterprise '', `` individual initiative '', `` the democratic way '', `` government of the people '', `` competition of the marketplace '', etc., we live rather comfortably in a society in which economic competition is diminishing in large areas, bureaucracy is corroding representative government, technology is weakening the citizen's confidence in his own power to make decisions, and the threat of war is driving him economically and physically into the ground ''.

It is my studied conviction that no nation will ever risk general war against us unless we should become so foolish as to neglect the defense forces we now so powerfully support.

In spite of the armistice negotiated by Amadee two years earlier, the war between Bishop Guillaume of Lausanne and Louis of Savoy was still going on, and although little is known about it, that little proves that it was yet another phase of the struggle against French expansion and was closely interwoven with the larger conflict.

It is remembered and has been commemorated by a bust in a park and a square in the city which was renamed Piazzo Lauro Di Bosis after the war.

At his press conference Mr. Kennedy said, `` All we want in Laos is peace not war a truly neutral government not a cold war pawn ''.

Had U.S. warships not appeared off the Dominican coast, there is every possibility that the country would now be wracked by civil war.

It is a war to stay out of today, especially in view of the fact that President Ngo Dinh Diem apparently does not want United States troops.

`` The cannery '', said Mrs. Lewellyn Lundeen, an active booster of the cannery since its opening during the war and rationing years of 1941, to handle the `` victory garden '' produce, `` is a service to the taxpayer.

The Providence Sunday Journal article ( Jan. 29 ) asking whether American taxpayers are being victimized by a gigantic giveaway to pay for the care of war veterans who have non-service-connected disabilities sounds as though The Providence Journal is desperate for news.

war is the result of mistrust and lack of understanding between people.

Civil Defense has far to go and many problems to solve, but is it not in the best spirit of our pioneer tradition to be not only willing, but prepared to care for our own families and help our neighbors in any disaster -- storm, flood, accident or even war??

Whether any of us remain in it long will depend on what happens as a result of the technological and economic revolutions now going on in the countries of Asia and Africa, and also of course on how long the cold war remains cold.

The networks for military communications are one of the best examples of networks which not only must be changed with the changes in objectives but also must be changed with the addition of new machines of war.

They also furnish proof that, in modern war, message sending must be monitored.

It also weakened our diplomatic stance, because Russia could easily guess we did not desire a nuclear war except in the ultimate extremity.

And one cannot but wonder whether Marshal Malinovsky, who was blowing hot and cold, exalting peace but also almost openly considering the possibility of preventive war against the West, wasn't trying to keep the Chinese quiet.

When necessary, we should make it clear that countries which choose to derive marginal advantages from the cold war or to exploit their potential for disrupting the security of the world will not only lose our sympathy but also risk their own prospects for orderly development.

`` They are determined '', Montgomery writes, `` not to be surprised again, and now insist on a state of readiness for war which is not only unnecessary, but also creates nervousness among other nations in the Western Alliance -- not to mention such great suspicions among the nations of the Eastern bloc that any progress towards peaceful coexistence or disarmament is not possible ''.

The war also expanded with naval operations in 1862 when the CSS Virginia, formerly the USS Merrimack, damaged or destroyed three Union vessels in Norfolk, Virginia, before being engaged and damaged by the USS Monitor.

At the beginning of the war, he also sought to persuade the states to accept compensated emancipation in return for their prohibition of slavery.

He also lectured to Polish-American audiences about the conflict, promoting the sale of war bonds.

During the war, the Azeri armed forces were also aided by Turkish military advisers, and Russian, Ukrainian, Chechen and Afghan mercenaries.

The war also marked a watershed in the geo-political history of the region, as together with the Lombard migration the following year, it signalled the end of six centuries of Germanic dominance in the Pannonian Basin.

It also guaranteed the federal war debt and voided all Confederate war debts.

It may be derived from an Iranian ethnonym * ha-mazan -, " warriors ", a word attested as a denominal verb ( formed with the Indo-Iranian root kar-" make " also in kar-ma ) in Hesychius of Alexandria's gloss (" hamazakaran: ' to make war ' ( Persian )").

Beyond a gift of $ 10 million for peace promotion, Carnegie also encouraged the " scientific " investigation of the various causes of war, and the adoption of judicial methods that should eventually eliminate them.

There may also be a connection with the Roman god of war Mars, via hypothetical Proto-Indo-European * M ̥ rēs ; compare Ancient Greek μάρναμαι ( marnamai ), " to fight, to battle ", or Punjabi maarna ( to kill, to hit ).

Deimos, " Terror " or " Dread ", and Phobos, " Fear ", are his companions in war and also his children, borne by Aphrodite, according to Hesiod.

Ares may also be accompanied by Kydoimos, the demon of the din of battle ; the Makhai (" Battles "); thev " Hysminai " (" Acts of manslaughter "); Polemos, a minor spirit of war, or only an epithet of Ares, since it has no specific dominion ; and Polemos's daughter, Alala, the goddess or personification of the Greek war-cry, whose name Ares uses as his own war-cry.

Around the dynastic Tang, Song, and early Ming Period, cuirasses and plates ( mingguangjia ) were also used, with more elaborate versions for officers in war.

Müller is about 18 and a half years of age, one of Bäumer's classmates, when he also joins the German army as a volunteer to go to the war.

He also has a " shooting license ," certifying him as sporadically not responsible for his actions due to a head wound, though he is clearly quite sane and exploiting his license so he can stay in the hospital and away from the war as long as possible.

Plato drew a parallel between Athene and the ancient Libyan and Egyptian goddess Neith, a war deity who also was depicted carrying a shield.

Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terrorism ; it may also occur as a war injury.