Here again, in the written language it is possible to help the reader get his stresses right by using underlining or italics, but much of the time there is simply reliance on his understanding in the light of context.

An argot (; French, Spanish, and Catalan for " slang ") is a secret language used by various groups — including, but not limited to, thieves and other criminals — to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations.

An individual with global aphasia will have difficulty understanding both spoken and written language and will also have difficulty speaking.

AI-complete problems are hypothesised to include computer vision, natural language understanding, and dealing with unexpected circumstances while solving any real world problem.

* Natural language understanding ( and subproblems such as text mining, machine translation, and word sense disambiguation )

Objections to bundle theory concern the nature of the bundle of properties, the properties ' compresence relation ( the togetherness relation between those constituent properties ), and the impact of language on understanding reality.

The language-reality objection to bundle theory relates to the impact language has on understanding reality.

This field examines change across a broad range of topics including motor skills and other psycho-physiological processes ; cognitive development involving areas such as problem solving, moral understanding, and conceptual understanding ; language acquisition ; social, personality, and emotional development ; and self-concept and identity formation.

Zamenhof's goal was to create an easy-to-learn and politically neutral language that transcends nationality and would foster peace and international understanding between people with different regional and / or national languages.

Though designed strictly as a mechanism to support " natural language conversation " with a computer, ELIZA's DOCTOR script was found to be surprisingly successful in eliciting emotional responses from users who, in the course of interacting with the program, began to ascribe understanding and motivation to the program's output.

Formal language theory sprang out of linguistics, as a way of understanding the syntactic regularities of natural languages.

In order to carry out the fundamentalist program in practice, one would need a perfect understanding of the ancient language of the original text, if indeed the true text can be discerned from among variants.

Functional theories of grammar are those approaches to the study of language, that see the functions of language and its elements to be the key to understanding linguistic processes and structures.

Colmerauer was working on natural language understanding, using logic to represent semantics and using resolution for question-answering.

This ambiguity represents the current state of understanding of the language of Linear A: the known elements are too scarce to build a safe hypothesis about supposed affiliations with known languages.

Apart from his parents ' native languages Russian and Yiddish and his adopted language Polish, his linguistics attempts were also aided by his mastering of German, a good passive understanding of Latin, Hebrew and French, and a basic knowledge of Greek, English and Italian.

This proposal advances knowledge and understanding because it challenges the commonly held belief that written language requires formal instruction and schooling.

It is crucial to the understanding of human language acquisition that we are not limited to a finite set of words, but, rather, must be able to understand and utilize a complex system that allows for an infinite number of possible messages.

A major question in understanding language acquisition is how these capacities are picked up by infants from the linguistic input.

Recent advances in functional neuroimaging technology have allowed for a better understanding of how language acquisition is manifested physically in the brain.

' The morphology of such languages allows for each consonant and vowel to be understood as morphemes, just as the grammars of the language key the usage and understanding of each morpheme.

Halliday has worked in various regions of language study, both theoretical and applied, and has been especially concerned with applying the understanding of the basic principles of language to the theory and practices of education.

Often it is recognized that all the details of the pattern may not be essential to the outcome but, because the pattern was empirically determined and not developed through theoretical understanding, one is never quite certain which behavior elements are effective, and the whole pattern becomes ritualized.

Even in domains where detailed and predictive understanding is still lacking, but where some explanations are possible, as with lightning and weather and earthquakes, the appropriate kind of human action has been more adequately indicated.

Perhaps the most illuminating example of the reduction of fear through understanding is derived from our increased knowledge of the nature of disease.

Presupposed in Plato's system is a doctrine of levels of insight, in which a certain kind of detached understanding is alone capable of penetrating to the most sublime wisdom.

Whitehead is here questioning David Hume's understanding of the nature of experience ; ;

Whitehead contends that the human way of understanding existence as a unity of interlocking and interdependent processes which constitute each other and which cause each other to be and not to be is possible only because the basic form of such an understanding, for all its vagueness and tendency to mistake the detail, is initially given in the way man feels the world.

This is important to understanding the position that doctrinaire liberals found themselves in after World War 2, and our great democratic victory that brought no peace.

If our sincerity is granted, and it is granted, the discrepancy can only be explained by the fact that we have come to believe hearsay and legend about ourselves in preference to an understanding gained by earnest self-examination.

The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.

I assume that the number of readers of this anthology who regard themselves as morally perfect is small, and that most readers are willing to consider procedures by which they may gain more insight into themselves and better understanding of others.

Such an understanding, although it must seek to be sympathetic, is not a matter of intuition.

English philosopher Samuel Alexander's debt to Wordsworth and Meredith is a recent interesting example, as also A. N. Whitehead's understanding of the English romantics, chiefly Shelley and Wordsworth.

What is not so well known, however, and what is quite important for understanding the issues of this early quarrel, is the kind of attack on literature that Sidney was answering.

The intuition about mankind conveyed in these opening pages is of crucial importance for understanding the remainder of the text ; ;

What is required is the full implementation of Article 2 of the Treaty, which provides: `` The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being.

Although we are still far from a complete understanding of these problems, as a first approximation, it is suggested that alterations in the hypothalamic balance with consequent changes in the hypothalamic-cortical discharges account for major changes in behavior seen in various moods and states of emotions in man and beast under physiological circumstances, in experimental and clinical neurosis, and as the result of psychopharmacological agents.

On the other hand, the women class members appeared to reach a far greater understanding than have women members in other sections that it is more natural for males as a group to view sex as sex rather than always associating it with love as most women seem to do.

The friend, understanding the desire of his heart, sent him to Ammonius, whom he had not so far tried.

" But for the searching and right understanding of the Scriptures there is need of a good life and a pure soul, and for Christian virtue to guide the mind to grasp, so far as human nature can, the truth concerning God the Word.

Animal communication, and indeed the understanding of the animal world in general, is a rapidly growing field, and even in the 21st century so far, a great share of prior understanding related to diverse fields such as personal symbolic name use, animal emotions, animal culture and learning, and even sexual conduct, long thought to be well understood, has been revolutionized.

He asserted that the sciences, humanities, and arts have a common goal: to give a purpose to understanding the details, to lend to all inquirers " a conviction, far deeper than a mere working proposition, that the world is orderly and can be explained by a small number of natural laws.

In its specific form, the ELIZA effect refers only to " the susceptibility of people to read far more understanding than is warranted into strings of symbols — especially words — strung together by computers ".

The gospel gives far more focus to the relationship of the Son to the Father than the other gospels and it has often been used in the Christian development and understanding of the Trinity.

While the first is far shorter than the second, it sets out the basic themes and provides an interpretive key for understanding the entire book.

In the first case, Agin discussed falsified results in the development of organic transistors: ' As far as understanding junk science is concerned, the important aspect is that both Bell Laboratories and the international physics community were fooled until someone noticed that noise records published by Jan Hendrik Schön in several papers were identical-which means physically impossible.

Determining the distances to astronomical objects is crucial to understanding them, but the vast majority of objects are too far away for their distances to be directly determined.

These services, especially UDDI, have proved to be of far less interest, but an appreciation of them gives a more complete understanding of the expected role of SOAP compared to how web services have actually evolved.

Although causation from the biological — genetic and hormonal — to the behavioural has been broadly demonstrated and accepted, Money is careful to also note that understanding of the causal chains from biology to behaviour in sex and gender issues is very far from complete.

" The party took a central role, but tried as far as possible to base its policy on mutual understanding and compromise.

It has a far richer scope and goal of helping the youngster incorporate sex most meaningfully into his present and future life, to provide him with some basic understanding on virtually every aspect of sex by the time he reaches full maturity.

Noting the uncertainties surrounding events so far back in time, Herman te Velde argues that the historical roots of the conflict are too obscure to be very useful in understanding the myth and are not as significant as its religious meaning.

In 2011, the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians observed, " The popularity of L ' apprenti sorcier and the exhilarating film version of it in Disney's Fantasia possibly hindered a fuller understanding of Dukas, as that single work is far better known than its composer.

Since Muslim etiquette forbade their common presence, Hārūn had Ja ' far marry Abbassa on the understanding that the marriage was purely nominal.

Since the knowledge used to build the local wooden churches circulated throughout Europe, their understanding is of high interest far outside the region.

Many real world applications fall between the two extremes, for instance text classification for the automatic analysis of emails and their routing to a suitable department in a corporation does not require in depth understanding of the text, but is far more complex than the management of simple queries to database tables with fixed schemata.

What made SHRDLU unique was the combination of four simple ideas that added up to make the simulation of " understanding " far more convincing.

She brought a strong business acumen, showing an understanding far beyond her years.

The Christ in the crucifix often has far greater understanding than Don Camillo of the troubles of the people, and has to constantly but gently reprimand the priest for his impatience.

No longer was it conceived of as being about understanding linguistic communication, or providing a methodological basis for the human sciences-as far as Heidegger was concerned, hermeneutics is ontology, dealing with the most fundamental conditions of man's being in the world.