With the use of gel electrophoresis, it can be observed that OROV causes DNA fragmentation in HeLa cells.

Nucleic acids are the molecules that make up DNA, an extremely important substance that all cellular organisms use to store their genetic information.

Despite the study of model plants and increasing use of DNA evidence, there is ongoing work and discussion among taxonomists about how best to classify plants into various taxa.

However, its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been to describe the application of computer science and information sciences to the analysis of biological data, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing.

Bioinformatics helps to bridge the gap between genome and proteome projects — for example, in the use of DNA sequences for protein identification.

# From the hairpin loop, a DNA polymerase can then use it as a primer to transcribe a complementary sequence for the ss cDNA.

Likewise, other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information.

In addition to RNA and DNA a large number of artificial nucleic acid analogues have also been created to study the proprieties of nucleic acids, or for use in biotechnology.

In addition, DNA ligase has extensive use in molecular biology laboratories for genetic recombination experiments ( see Applications in molecular biology research ).

Most experiments use T4 DNA Ligase ( isolated from bacteriophage T4 ), which is most active at 25 ° C.

All cellular life forms and many DNA viruses, phages and plasmids use a primase to synthesize a short RNA primer with a free 3 ′ OH group which is subsequently elongated by a DNA polymerase.

In the single stranded DNA viruses-a group that includes the circoviruses, the geminiviruses, the parvoviruses and others-and also the many phages and plasmids that use the rolling circle replication ( RCR ) mechanism, the RCR endonuclease creates a nick the genome strand ( single stranded viruses ) or one of the DNA strands ( plasmids ).

He is widely known for use of the term " central dogma " to summarize an idea that genetic information flow in cells is essentially one-way, from DNA to RNA to protein.

In order to construct their model of DNA, Watson and Crick made use of information from unpublished X-ray diffraction images of Franklin's ( shown at meetings and freely shared by Wilkins ), including preliminary accounts of Franklin's results / photographs of the X-ray images that were included in a written progress report for the King's College laboratory of Sir John Randall from late 1952.

These techniques, generally known as recombinant DNA technology, use DNA molecules from different sources, which are combined into one molecule to create a new set of genes.

The introduction of new DNA does not require the use of classical genetic methods, however traditional breeding methods are typically used for the propagation of recombinant organisms.

DNA Gel electrophoresis is usually performed for analytical purposes, often after amplification of DNA via PCR, but may be used as a preparative technique prior to use of other methods such as mass spectrometry, RFLP, PCR, cloning, DNA sequencing, or Southern blotting for further characterization.

Most modern DNA separation methods now use agarose gels, except for particularly small DNA fragments.

Gene therapy is the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease.

Examples of procedures that use oligonucleotides include DNA microarrays, Southern blots, ASO analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH ), and the synthesis of artificial genes.

Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.

The complete genome of M. smegmatis has been sequenced by TIGR, and microarrays have been produced by PFGRC program ( http :// pfgrc. tigr. org / descriptionPages. shtml ), adding further to its use as a model system to study mycobacteria.

These include the study of knockout genes, the use of antibodies to block receptors on particular molecules, the use of temperature sensitive mutants, and microarrays to monitor the expression of particular genes.

The development of molecular ecology is also closely related to the use of DNA microarrays, which allows for the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of different genes.

Computational genomics refers to the use of computational analysis to decipher biology from genome sequences and related data, including both DNA and RNA sequence as well as other " post-genomic " data ( i. e. experimental data obtained with technologies that require the genome sequence, such as genomic DNA microarrays ).

Social invention did not have to await social theory any more than use of the warmth of a fire had to await Lavoisier or the buoyant protection of a boat the formulations of Archimedes.

In fact, the recent warnings about the use of X-rays have introduced fears and ambiguities of action which now require more detailed understanding, and thus in this instance, science has momentarily aggravated our fears.

Since the homosexuals widely use marijuana, they do not have to be initiated.

I have chosen to use the word `` mimesis '' in its Christian rather than its classic implications and to discover in the concrete forms of both art and myth powers of theological expression which, as in the Christian mind, are the direct consequence of involvement in historical experience, which are not reserved, as in the Greek mind, only to moments of theoretical reflection.

For example, there are persons who are in physical science, in the field of mineralogy, trained in crystallography, who use only X-rays, applying only the powder technique of X-ray diffraction, to clay minerals only, and who have spent the last fifteen years concentrating on the montmorillonites ; ;

Of course, if you don't make the American a success, Hearst will have no further use for you ''.

Right now, they are pushing a resolution which would have UN use its forces to invade and subjugate Katanga.

What they have objected to is the attempt of the Russians to make use of the tragedy of Dag Hammarskjold's death to turn the entire U.N. staff from the Secretary down into political agents of the respective countries from which they come.

As a business man I have to use the telephone constantly, from three to four hours a day.

They start on the East side of the Schuylkill, have to cross over to the West to use the expressway and cross over again to the East at their destination.

One effect of the spirited give-and-take of these discussions was to focus attention on practical applications and the necessity of being armed with the facts: knowledge of the destructive force of even the tiniest `` tactical '' atomic weapon would have a bearing on judgments as to the advisability of its use -- to defend Berlin, for example ; ;

The meaningful policies governing the purchase, assignment, use and management of state vehicles have been shaped by the state's administrative officers.

The fact is simply that state-owned vehicles have remained in practically the same proportion as employees to use them.

Based on this figure and considering depreciation costs of vehicles, pool personnel have determined that travel in excess of 10,000 miles annually is more economical by state car than by payment of allowances for use of personally-owned vehicles.

Carbon resistors and impurity-doped germanium resistors have been investigated for use as precision secondary thermometers in the liquid helium temperature region.

Continuing technical problems involved in the use of this fuel, coupled with significant improvements in aircraft range through other means, have now raised serious questions about the value of the high-energy fuel program.

In the event the rupees set aside for loans under Section 104 ( E ) of the Act are not advanced within six years from the date of this Agreement because the Export-Import Bank of Washington has not approved loans or because proposed loans have not been mutually agreeable to the Export-Import Bank of Washington and the Department of Economic Affairs of the Government of India, the Government of the United States of America may use the rupees for any purpose authorized by Section 104 of the Act.

If you elect to use the Standard Deduction or the Tax Table, and later find you should have itemized your deductions, you may do so by filing an amended return within the time prescribed for filing a claim for refund.

If we could use all the small airfields we have in this country, we could disperse our strategic aircraft by a factor of 10 or more.

Many states have laws regulating the use of boat trailers and some have restrictions regarding the age of motor boat operators.

Enough daylight is usually available from the windows, but if you have synchronized flash -- use it.

Don't forget to have a supply of Melamine plates, bowls, cups, saucers, and platters for outdoor use.

otherwise, you'll have to spend a few minutes to either attach a suitable spring clip somewhere on the press head or fit the key to a length of light chain and fasten to the bottom of the motor mount so that the key is out of the way when not in use.

Sturdy and strong after more than a century of continuous use, the old covered, wooden bridge that spans the Tygartis Valley River at Philippi will have a distinctive part in the week-long observance of the first land battle of the Civil War at its home site, May 28th to June 3rd.