These codecs use fixed-point arithmetic because many audio decoding hardware devices do not have an FPU ( partly to save money, but primarily to save power-integer units are much smaller in silicon area than an FPU ) and audio decoding requires enough performance that a software implementation of floating-point on low-speed devices would not produce output in real time.

These other lossless codecs, such as FLAC and Shorten, are not natively supported in Apple's iTunes software, either in desktop operating systems ( Mac OS or Windows ) or iOS devices, so users of iTunes software who want to use a lossless format which allows the addition of metadata ( unlike WAV / AIFF or other PCM-type formats, where metadata is usually ignored ) have to use ALAC.

These codecs are not variants of G. 722 and they use different patented compression technologies.

These low-complexity codecs make it possible to watch high definition movies in 1280 × 720 ( 720p ) or 1920 × 1080 ( 1080p ) resolutions on many modern personal computers running Microsoft Windows XP or Windows Vista, although the hardware requirements are steep.

These files are playable in ordinary media players, provided the proper codecs are installed.

These fields frequently overlap, but tend to use different methodologies and techniques.

These warning colours tend to be red or yellow combined with black, with the fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ) being an example.

These alcohols are called fusel alcohols or fusel oils in brewing and tend to have a spicy or peppery flavor.

These intermetallic alloys appear homogeneous in crystal structure, but tend to behave heterogeneous, becoming hard and somewhat brittle.

These techniques also tend to form the backbone of most undergraduate analytical chemistry educational labs.

These molecules tend to be used as markers and signals, as well as having some other uses.

These persons generally have increased energy and tend to become more active than usual.

These longer chain acids tend to be rather soluble in less-polar solvents such as ethers and alcohols.

These range in diameter from a few tens of meters up to about 300 km, and they range in age from recent times ( e. g. the Sikhote-Alin craters in Russia whose creation were witnessed in 1947 ) to more than two billion years, though most are less than 500 million years old because geological processes tend to obliterate older craters.

These dialects have roots in 17th-century English and African languages ; unlike most native varieties of English, West Indian dialects often tend to be syllable-timed rather than stress-timed.

These crankshafts tend to be very expensive due to the large amount of material that must be removed with lathes and milling machines, the high material cost, and the additional heat treatment required.

These myths tend to emphasize creative forces as animistic in nature rather than sexual, and depict the sacred as the elemental and integral component of the natural world.

These films tend to feature people as products of their environment, and lean towards the avant-garde.

These " politically neutral " groups tend to avoid global conflicts and view the settlement of inter-human conflict as separate from regard for nature-in direct contradiction to the ecology movement and peace movement which have increasingly close links: While Green Parties and Greenpeace, and groups like the ACTivist Magazine for example, regard ecology, biodiversity and an end to non-human extinction as absolutely basic to peace, the local groups may not, and may see a high degree of global competition and conflict as justifiable if it lets them preserve their own local uniqueness.

These Churches do not practice Communion with any other Orthodox jurisdictions nor do they tend to recognize each other.

These forces will be different depending on how often data is used, so that seldom-used data will tend to be on just a few nodes which specialize in providing that data, and frequently used items will be spread widely throughout the network.

These unpaired dipoles ( often called simply " spins " even though they also generally include angular momentum ) tend to align in parallel to an external magnetic field, an effect called paramagnetism.

These movements or styles tend to classify the artists by their relationship to their social and economic contexts, since, in most countries, graffiti art remains illegal in many forms except when using non-permanent paint.

These students are inclined to infer from these inconsistencies that both manuscripts may represent an exercise in forensic falsification, and they tend to locate their place of origin as Rome.

These technological advances and investment allow the primary sector to require less workforce and, this way, developed countries tend to have a smaller percentage of their workforce involved in primary activities, instead having a higher percentage involved in the secondary and tertiary sectors.

These Australians of Irish background did not tend to regard Ireland as their " mother country "-primarily because few had a wish to return to a home they had left in search of a better life.

These interactions tend to align the molecules to increase the attraction ( reducing potential energy ).

These gases tend to be very hazardous.

These minerals tend to be soft, weak, brittle, and water-soluble.

These micronations tend to have a reasonably serious intent, and often involve significant numbers of people interested in recreating the past or simulating political or social processes.

These ions, under the influence of the electric field, are accelerated into the cathode surface containing the sample, bombarding the sample and causing neutral sample atom ejection through the process known as sputtering.

These spectra are then multiplied with a factor to match the intensity of the sample spectrum and subtracted pixel by pixel and spectrum by spectrum from the sample spectrum using a least-squares algorithm.

These surveys require the use of sample weights ( see below ) to produce proper estimates across all racial and ethnic groups.

These timing issues can cause distortion as recorded tracks lose synchronization with each other, and clicks and pops when sample playback is interrupted.

These typically respond to MIDI clock sync, and provide control over mixing, looping, effects, and sample playback.

These sample vials come in many shapes and sizes to accommodate many specimen types.

These systems may be automated, with a magazine of sample tubes that are moved into the reactor core in turn for a predetermined time, before being moved to the instrument station and finally to a container for storage and disposal.

These temperatures are experimentally determined in the lab by artificially resetting sample minerals using a high-temperature furnace.

These include photon scanning microscopy ( PSTM ), which uses an optical tip to tunnel photons ; scanning tunneling potentiometry ( STP ), which measures electric potential across a surface ; spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy ( SPSTM ), which uses a ferromagnetic tip to tunnel spin-polarized electrons into a magnetic sample, and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ), in which the force caused by interaction between the tip and sample is measured.

These characteristic X-rays are used to identify the composition and measure the abundance of elements in the sample.

These shows saw a fairly minimal band ; three eyeball-headed Residents ( one on guitar and two laptop / sample operators ), a " stage hand " performer, and a male and female vocalist in costumes reminiscent of the Wormwood Tour.

These estimators have a significant drawback in that they will drop a significant amount of sample data as only 1 / n of the available samples is being used.

These are turn-key systems, made by several manufacturers, that measure the magnetic properties of a material sample.

These techniques can also be used to transpose an audio sample while holding speed or duration constant.

These are experimental methods for rapidly triggering the folding of a sample of unfolded protein, and then observing the resulting dynamics.

These reach the necessary temperatures and provide enough time before the burning point reaches the sample.

These include spectral interferences caused by absorption band overlap, fading of the color of the absorbing species ( caused by decomposition or reaction ) and possible composition mismatch between the sample and the calibration solution.

These arrangements are designed to be parfocal, which means that when one changes from one lens to another on a microscope, the sample stays in focus.

These are used with index-matching material such as immersion oil or water and a matched cover slip between the objective lens and the sample.

These songs include " Cherub Rock ", in which they sample the bass line from The Smashing Pumpkins song by the same name, and " Grateful Days " in which they sample the opening of " Today "; they also named the song " Siva " after the Pumpkins song.