This work challenges the assumption that heterosexuality, homosexuality, and sexualities of all varieties, can be understood as primarily biological and psychological phenomena.

At the beginning of this period, " heterosexuality was more or less an unchallenged assumption.

This is an assumption with which few would be disposed to quarrel.

He also speaks of Franklin D. Roosevelt's `` puerile '' assumption that `` if only he ( Stalin ) could be exposed to the persuasive charm of someone like F.D.R. himself, ideological preconceptions would melt and Russia's co-operation with the West could be easily arranged ''.

Based on the assumption that Kentucky neutrality would act as a shield against a direct invasion from the north, Tennessee initially had sent men to Virginia and concentrated defenses in the Mississippi Valley, circumstances that no longer applied in September 1861.

" A person ranking at 7 on the scale would be a person who says " I know there is no God ..." Dawkins places himself at 6 on the scale, which he characterizes as " I cannot know for certain but I think God is very improbable, and I live my life on the assumption that he is not there ", but leaning toward 7.

Evaluating Collins ' approach, he considers " the wide geographical spread from which the material comes and the implicit assumption that linguistic developments would have occurred uniformly throughout this area " a weakness and concludes, " The character of the Hebrew and Aramaic could support a date in the fifth or fourth century for the extant written form of the book, but does not demand a second-century date.

His General Introduction says " There are no ' verbs ' in Basic English ", with the underlying assumption that, as noun use in English is very straightforward but verb use / conjugation is not, the elimination of verbs would be a welcome simplification.

The government he led put in place the post-war settlement, based upon the assumption that full employment would be maintained by Keynesian policies, and that a greatly enlarged system of social services would be created – aspirations that had been outlined in the wartime Beveridge Report.

Hesiod and Stesichorus tell the story according to which after her death Iphigenia was divinised under the name of Hecate, fact which would support the assumption that Artemis Tauropolos had a real ancient alliance with the heroine, who was her priestess in Taurid and her human paragon.

1 ) The discount rate assumption relies on the market for competing investments at the time of the analysis, which would likely change, perhaps dramatically, over time, and 2 ) straight line assumptions about income increasing over ten years are generally based upon historic increases in market rent but never factors in the cyclical nature of many real estate markets.

This assumption would imply that the biblical account is not chronological.

Rousseau furthered this assumption in Emile where he made a standpoint against students being subordinate to teachers and that memorization of facts would not lead to an education.

Mussolini was aware that Italy did not have the military capacity to carry out a long war with France or the United Kingdom and waited until France was on the verge of imminent collapse and surrender from German invasion before declaring war on France and the United Kingdom on 10 June 1940, on the assumption that the war would be short-lived following France's collapse.

If interstellar colonization is possible, then this assumption is invalid, and the equations of population dynamics would apply instead.

The argument clearly depends on the assumption that if " good " were definable, it would be an analytic truth about " good ," an assumption many contemporary moral realists like Richard Boyd and Peter Railton reject.

Under the decentralization plan, regulatory responsibilities were transferred from the central government to mayors and other municipal officials on the assumption that local officials would provide better oversight.

Perhaps this assumption entailed a mathematical relationship that would restore astronomical order.

The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse ; ‘ I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito ,’ Stalin remarked.

Malevich's assumption that a shifting in the attitudes of the Soviet authorities towards the modernist art movement would take place after the death of Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky's fall from power, was proven correct in a couple of years, when the Stalinist regime turned against forms of abstraction, considering them a type of " bourgeois " art, that could not express social realities.

This perception rests upon the assumption that if a surplus of goods or services exists, they would naturally fall in price to the point where they would be consumed.

The revolution in design, together with improvements in personnel and training severely brought into question the German assumption that a fleet of two-thirds the size of the Royal Navy would at least stand a chance in an engagement.

Sendhil Mullainathan and Andrei Shleifer of Harvard University construct a behavioural model, which is built around the assumption that readers and viewers hold beliefs that they would like to see confirmed by news providers.

The assumption that the Soviet Union would quickly capitulate would prove to be his undoing.

Unfortunately, as soon as cyclotron resonance became available and the shape of the balloon could be determined, it was found that the assumption that the balloon was spherical did not hold at all, except perhaps in the case of caesium.

He, and others, soon corrected this assumption but the story of the scientist who demonstrated that bee flight was impossible persists to this day.

Although Henry was restored to the Church, any expectations that the Pope would restore support of Henry's right to the throne were soon dashed: in March, a small group of powerful Saxon and South German territorial magnates, including the archbishops of Salzburg, Mainz and Magdeburg and several bishops, met at Forchheim and, on the assumption that Henry had irretrievably lost the imperial dignity, repudiated the Salian dynasty's claim to pass the imperial crown by heredity and, in the words of Bruno of Merseburg, present in his bishop's entourage, declared " that the son of a king, even if he should be preeminently worthy, should become king by a spontaneous election ".

In 1932, William Stanier took up his appointment as Chief Mechanical Engineer to the LMS and the first of the completely flush sided LMS coaches emerged soon enough after his assumption of office to lead to the coaches ever afterwards being referred to as " Stanier " stock.

The authorities soon concluded that they had no prima facie case against the couple ; discussions with Homolka's lawyer therefore proceeded on the assumption that Homolka could provide the information they required – for a price.

Many had in fact resented the assumption by the Times that they even had a slang, as well as the claim that it was " coming soon to a high school or mall near you ".

The Ferrari team, operating under the assumption that Schell was a lap adrift, had been caught out, and a dramatic fight for the lead ensued, but Schell's effort went for nought as he was forced to make a lengthy pit stop soon after.

Their immediate assumption was that these were men from Heintzelman's corps, but they soon realized their mistake.

At the same time Wavell ordered his subordinate commanders to start planning operations on the assumption that the United Kingdom would soon be at war with Italy.

Hyde gives up soon after, prompting the assumption that he was more infatuated with Donna and not in love with her, and they remain close friends.

His assumption seems to be that any such friends, being tolerable humans, must be more liberal than most Southerners and therefore at least partly in sympathy with his views.

The basic truth in the reactionary response is to be found in its realistic assumption of the primacy of the real over the ideational.

The defect of these proposals is in their attempt to outrun history and their assumption that because something may be desirable it is also possible.

Nothing in the Title shall be construed as the assumption of any liability by the United States for the payment or satisfaction, in whole or in part, of any claim on behalf of any national of the United States against any foreign government.

This has an interesting analogy with the assumption stated by Philippoff that `` the deformational mechanics of elastic solids can be applied to flowing solutions ''.

Under this assumption the space group must be Af and the following are the positions of the atoms in the unit cell.

There seems to be an unfortunate assumption that an hour of Chicago-style jazz in prime evening time, for example, could not be justified without the trimmings of a portentous documentary.

In its simplest form, the assumption of unit-treatment additivity states that the observed response from experimental unit when receiving treatment can be written as the sum of the unit's response and the treatment-effect, that is

The assumption of unit treatment additivity usually cannot be directly falsified, according to Cox and Kempthorne.

The assumption that Altaic is a valid family, but only consists of Japonic, Korean and Tungusic, appears to be restricted to Unger ( 1990 ).

It is also consistent with ZF + DC that every set of reals is Lebesgue measurable ; however, this consistency result, due to Robert M. Solovay, cannot be proved in ZFC itself, but requires a mild large cardinal assumption ( the existence of an inaccessible cardinal ).

# Utilitarianism, where the practical consequences of various policies are evaluated on the assumption that the right policy will be the one which results in the greatest happiness

1st century BCE ), shows how the distance to the Sun can be computed geometrically, using the different lengths of the noontime shadows observed at three places 1000 li apart and the assumption that the Earth is flat.

Many processes are close to adiabatic and can be easily approximated by using an adiabatic assumption, but there is always some heat loss ; as no perfect insulators exist.

The challenge to the assumption that beauty was central to art and aesthetics, thought to be original, is actually continuous with older aesthetic theory ; Aristotle was the first in the Western tradition to classify " beauty " into types as in his theory of drama, and Kant made a distinction between beauty and the sublime.

This assumption may not be warranted in certain contexts.

The assumption of differentiability or even continuity is questionable since the Boolean algebra of statements may only be finite.

So the personalist requires the dynamic assumption to be Bayesian.