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This energy transfer depends on the current, the temperature in the arc column, the anode material, and the conditions in the anode sheath.
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energy and transfer
The higher value for alpha radiation is generally attributable to the high linear energy transfer ( LET ) coefficient, which is about one ionization of a chemical bond for every angstrom of travel by the alpha particle.
Since this process does not involve any heat transfer or work, the First Law of Thermodynamics then implies that the net internal energy change of the system is zero.
Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer.
Particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, there was a significant push to understand the relationships between these climatic parameters and properties of ecosystem energetics because such discoveries would enable the prediction of rates of energy capture and transfer among components within ecosystems.
* Simple radiant heat transfer model that treats the earth as a single point and averages outgoing energy
* finally, ( coupled ) atmosphere – ocean – sea ice global climate models discretise and solve the full equations for mass and energy transfer and radiant exchange.
The system may be worked upon by an external force, and in the process, it can transfer thermal energy from a cooler system to a warmer one, thereby acting as a refrigerator or heat pump rather than a heat engine.
The energy of the incident photons is absorbed by the pigments and funneled to the reaction centre of this complex through resonance energy transfer.
* Conduction ( heat ), the transfer of thermal energy through matter
The function of the vast majority of chlorophyll ( up to several hundred molecules per photosystem ) is to absorb light and transfer that light energy by resonance energy transfer to a specific chlorophyll pair in the reaction center of the photosystems.
Efficient energy transfer occurs between the encapsulated dye and nanotube — light is absorbed by the dye and without significant loss is transferred to the SWCNT.
It accounts for the occurrence of energy transfer by work in a process in which heat is also transferred ; the quantity, however, was considered before the relation between heat and work transfers was clarified by the invention of thermodynamics.
One apparent advantage of the cable car is its relative energy efficiency, because of the economy of centrally located power stations, and the ability of descending cars to transfer energy to ascending cars.
It is important to initiate momentum from the feet and allow it to travel up the body, hips and shoulders, culminating in the transfer of energy to the disc.
Electromagnetic radiation is a transverse wave, meaning that the oscillations of the waves are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer and travel.
*** Solar thermal energy ( the sun as the heat source ): solar parabolic troughs and solar power towers concentrate sunlight to heat a heat transfer fluid, which is then used to produce steam.
A system can transfer energy to another system by simply transferring matter to it ( since matter is equivalent to energy, in accordance with its mass ).
However, when energy is transferred by means other than matter-transfer, the transfer produces changes in the second system, as a result of work done on it.
energy and depends
The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on temperature only and is independent of pressure or volume.
For an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant because the internal energy only depends on temperature in that case.
Therefore, it works as a neutron reflector and neutron moderator, effectively slowing the neutrons to the thermal energy range of below 0. 03 eV, where the total cross section is at least an order of magnitude lower – exact value strongly depends on the purity and size of the crystallites in the material.
The choice of scattering probe depends on the observation energy scale of interest.
The time to reach equilibrium depends on such parameters as temperature, pressure and the materials involved, and is determined by the minimum free energy.
The energy needed to increase the temperature of a given mass of water by 1 ° C at atmospheric pressure depends on the starting temperature and is difficult to measure precisely.
Since the value of this energy depends on the shapes and positions of the conductors and dielectrics, the Casimir effect manifests itself as a force between such objects.
As a photon interacts with single atoms and molecules, the effect depends on the amount of energy the photon carries.
The ultimate fate of this energy depends on the situation.
The energy of formation of a molecule containing only single bonds then can be approximated from an electronegativity table, and depends on the constituents and sum of squares of differences of electronegativities of all pairs of bonded atoms.
The country has never been a producer of petroleum and depends on imported oil to fill much of its energy needs.
Since the potential energy depends on the spatial arrangement of the particles, the kinetic energy will also depend on the spatial configuration to conserve energy.
Whether a material is an insulator depends on its band gap, the energy needed by an electron to make it a conduction electron so it can move freely.
The energy of a Keesom interaction depends on the inverse sixth power of the distance, unlike the interaction energy of two spatially fixed dipoles, which depends on the inverse third power of the distance.
When EMR interacts with single atoms and molecules, its behaviour depends on the amount of energy per quantum it carries.
The type of pump source used principally depends on the gain medium, and this also determines how the energy is transmitted to the medium.
The wavelength of the light emitted, and thus its color depends on the band gap energy of the materials forming the p-n junction.
Since Macau has little arable land and few natural resources, it depends on mainland China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports.
The ratio of M to R increases by a factor of only three over 2. 5 orders of magnitude of M. This relation is roughly proportional to the star's inner temperature T < sub > I </ sub >, and its extremely slow increase reflects the fact that the rate of energy generation in the core strongly depends on this temperature, while it has to fit the mass – luminosity relation.
energy and on
He will not curb his instinctual desires but release the energy within him that makes him feel truly and fully alive, even if it is only for this brief moment before the apocalypse of annihilation explodes on earth.
The energy received by the `` pill '' causes the resonant circuit to `` ring '' on after the burst and this `` ringing '' takes place at the resonant frequency of the `` pill ''.
Heat of condensation ( work function ) plus kinetic energy of the electrons impinging on the anode.
The purpose of the present study is to study the thermal conditions and to establish an energy balance for a transpiration cooled anode as well as the effect of blowing on the arc voltage.
The influence of mechanical action on the particles of free soil may be compared to that of kinetic energy on a molecular scale.
We are reporting these investigations here briefly because of their relevancy to problems of the study of apparently simple exchange reactions of chlorine and because the results furnish some information on the activation energy for abstraction of chlorine atoms from carbon tetrachloride.
Some 80 reaction tubes from 13 manifold fillings were illuminated in the temperature range from 40 to 85-degrees in a further endeavor to determine the cause of the irreproducibility and to obtain information on the activation energy and the effect of light intensity.
The older scales were based on theoretical estimates of the conversion efficiency of kinetic energy into light.
The reason for this bears explaining for those who may wonder why State spends so much of its diplomatic energy on Congress when the Russians are so available.
He contends this idea doesn't conflict with experiments on which the principle of conservation of matter and energy is based because some slight error must be assumed in such experiments.
Much energy is used in the vocalization and it takes a toll on the territory holder who may be displaced by a fitter rival if he tires.
Some unicellular species rely entirely on external energy sources and have limited or no photosynthetic apparatus.
The consequent blockade along both the Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because of Armenia's dependence on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials.
The first Abstract Expressionists were considered madmen to give up their brushes and rely on the sheer force of energy to leave an image, but then the import of atomic bombs, all atomic energy, became realized, and art found no better way of expressing its power.
The lowest possible energy an electron can take is therefore analogous to the fundamental frequency of a wave on a string.
This corresponds to a speed of around 0. 05 c. There is surprisingly small variation around this energy, due to the heavy dependence of the half-life of this process on the energy produced ( see equations in the Geiger – Nuttall law ).
When the pressure applied on a parcel of air decreases, the air in the parcel is allowed to expand ; as the volume increases, the temperature falls and internal energy decreases.
Even in his old age he displayed the same restless energy, and is said to have been contemplating a fresh attack on Carthage at the time of his death.
Depending on the elasticity of the arrow, some of the energy is also absorbed by compressing the arrow, primarily because the release of the bowstring is rarely in line with the arrow shaft, causing it to flex out to one side.
0.360 seconds.