" No crime, no punishment without a previous penal law ") is a basic maxim in continental European legal thinking.

However, some legal scholars criticize this, because generally, in the legal systems of Continental Europe where the maxim was first developed, " penal law " was taken to mean statutory penal law, so as to create a guarantee to the individual, considered as a fundamental right, that he would not be prosecuted for an action or omission that was not considered a crime according to the statutes passed by the legislators in force at the time of the action or omission, and that only those penalties that were in place when the infringement took place would be applied.

" As part of his campaign against the classical idea of natural human sociability, Hobbes inverts that fundamental natural legal maxim, the Golden Rule.

More, relying on legal precedent and the maxim " qui tacet consentire videtur " ( literally, who ( is ) silent is seen to consent ), understood that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.

* Sugar bowl ( legal maxim )

This maxim means that when individuals are required, by their agreements or by law, to perform some act of legal significance, Equity will regard that act as having been done as it ought to have been done, even before it has actually happened.

The Latin legal maxim is ubi jus ibi remedium (" where there is a right, there must be a remedy "), sometimes cited as ubi jus ibi remediam.

This maxim reflects the hesitancy to upset the legal status quo.

* Wolf's Head, a Yale University senior society named for the legal maxim associated with outlawry

Profoundly influenced by his experience fighting in the American Civil War, Holmes helped move American legal thinking away from formalism and towards legal realism, as summed up in his maxim: " The life of the law has not been logic ; it has been experience.

Such double standards are seen as unjustified because they violate a basic maxim of modern legal jurisprudence: that all parties should stand equal before the law.

The general legal maxim de minimis non curat lex has no place in the field of documentary credits.

In common law, a legal maxim exists stating a person cannot approach the courts of equity with unclean hands.

Foucault then interprets this self-government as modern society conception of a top-down hierarchy, creating the delusion of a sovereign who rules in perpetual in the United Kingdom for example, this system still exists today through the ancient and legal maxim the king never dies, according to Sir William Blackstone, the king survives in his successor and the right of the crown vests, eo instanti upon his heirs.

On that basis, applying the legal maxim of res ipsa loquitur, the defendants were found negligent.

In English and American jurisprudence, there is a legal maxim ( albeit one sometimes honored in the breach ) that for every right, there is a remedy ; where there is no remedy, there is no right.

Nulle terre sans seigneur (" There is no land without its lord ") was a feudal legal maxim ; where no other lord can be discovered the Crown is lord as lord paramount.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

Hamilton was bent over his desk, drafting a legal paper by the light of a candle.

Less respect for the legal conventions was displayed by Castro's right hand man, Che Guevara, who edified the Inter-American Economic and Social council meeting in Montevideo by reading two secret American documents purloined from the United States embassy at Caracas, Venezuela.

Sir Henry Sumner Maine, a hundred years before Communism was a force to be reckoned with, wrote his brilliant legal generalization, that `` the progress of society is from status to contract ''.

In working out the practical legal conclusions President Waters was not thinking only of this pilot project, for it is planned to duplicate this program or system in other builder developments nationally.

Indeed, contract was the dominant legal theme of the century, the touchstone of the free society.

This cold reckoning of human worth in a legal paper, devoid of compassion or humanity, was all he needed.

Occasionally new enterprise was discouraged by the almost certain prospect of legal complications.

The prevailing view in the industry was summed up in 1912 by a group of auto makers who told a Senate committee: `` The exceedingly unsatisfactory and uselessly expensive conditions, including delays surrounding legal disputes, particularly in patent litigation, are items of industrial burden which must be written large in figures of many millions of dollars of industrial waste ''.

But I had the proof, all documented in a legal agreement which I would show her the moment I was free to do so.

On this side of the Bay, Miami Beach cops had no more legal rights than any ordinary citizen, and Shayne's pistol permit was just as good as theirs.

He said evidence was obtained `` in violation of the legal rights of citizens ''.

Mike was of legal age and presumed able to defend himself in the clinches.

This distant territory was a Democratic stronghold, and acceptance of the post would have effectively ended his legal and political career in Illinois, so he declined and resumed his law practice.

By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

Lincoln believed that Fremont's emancipation was political ; neither militarily necessary nor legal.

At various times in the more than 100 years that have elapsed since the song was written, particularly during the John F. Kennedy administration, there have been efforts to give " America the Beautiful " legal status either as a national hymn, or as a national anthem equal to, or in place of, " The Star-Spangled Banner ", but so far this has not succeeded.

The legal system was based on Portuguese and customary law but was weak and fragmented.

The al-prefix was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an " allegation " ( the French allegeance comes from the English ).

The term allegiance was traditionally often used by English legal commentators in a larger sense, divided by them into natural and local, the latter applying to the deference which even a foreigner must pay to the institutions of the country in which he happens to live.

Originally, the Church of England was self-contained and relied for its unity and identity on its own history, its traditional legal and episcopal structure and its status as an established church of the state.

Although it had at first been somewhat established in many colonies, in 1861 it was ruled that, except where specifically established, the Church of England had just the same legal position as any other church.

Doubleday assumed administrative duties in the defenses of Washington, D. C., where he was in charge of courts martial, which gave him legal experience that he used after the war.

His political opponent and lifetime friend, Thomas Jefferson, achieved immortality through his authorship of the Declaration of Independence, but equally notable were the legal and constitutional reforms he instituted in his native Virginia, his role as father of our territorial system, and his acquisition of the Louisiana Territory during his first term as President.

In the first place the new doctrine brought a formal separation of international from municipal law, rejecting the earlier view that both were parts of a universal legal system.

In Rothbardian anarcho-capitalism, there would first be the implementation of a mutually agreed-upon libertarian " legal code which would be generally accepted, and which the courts would pledge themselves to follow.

" The Chicago Daily Tribune called it “ One of the most spectacular crimes of the 20th century, and what is believed to be the first airplane kidnap murder on record .” Because it occurred somewhere over three Missouri counties, and involved interstate transport of a stolen airplane, it raised questions in legal circles about where, by whom, and even whether he could be prosecuted.

# As spiritual leader of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop, although without legal authority outside England, is recognised by convention as primus inter pares ( first among equals ) of all Anglican primates worldwide.

* Affinity, Cambridge University Eco Racing's first vehicle and the UK's first road legal solar car

He helped to initiate the first independent legal political organizations and became prominent in the Soviet Union's growing political opposition.

For example, following the American Revolution in 1776, one of the first legislative acts undertaken by each of the newly independent states was to adopt a " reception statute " that gave legal effect to the existing body of English common law to the extent that American legislation or the Constitution had not explicitly rejected English law.

The first legal applications in America for same-sex marriage licenses were issued at Cambridge's City Hall.

In March 2006, the parliament overturned a veto by President Václav Klaus, and the Czech Republic became the first former communist country in Europe to grant legal recognition to same-sex partnerships.

A further example comes from Ancient Greece, where the Athenian legal system was first written down by Draco in about 621 BC: the death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes, though Solon later repealed Draco's code and published new laws, retaining only Draco's homicide statutes.

On April 6, 1830, in western New York, Smith organized the religion's first legal church entity, the Church of Christ.

In 1932, a time when Capoeira repression wasn't as strong as before, Mestre Bimba, a strong fighter both in legal and illegal fights, founded in Salvador the first ever Capoeira school.

What began with rules (" canons ") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew ( Old Testament ), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.

Various forms of coercion are distinguished: first on the basis of the kind of injury threatened, second according to its aims and scope, and finally according to its effects, from which its legal, social, and ethical implications mostly depend.

In February 1997, with the legal right to the Coldcut name back, they released a double pack single " Atomic Moog 2000 " / " Boot the System ", the first Coldcut release on Ninja Tune.

He published numerous articles in publications such as Collier's Weekly and Harper's Weekly, and he chose the first College Football All-America Team. 1906 St. Louis Post-Dispatch photograph of Bradbury Robinson | Brad Robinson, who threw the first legal forward pass

The first legal pass was thrown by Bradbury Robinson on September 5, 1906, playing for coach Eddie Cochems, who developed an early but sophisticated passing offense at Saint Louis University.

* Urukagina – Sumerian king and creator of what is sometimes cited as the first example of a legal code in recorded history.

The first European university, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 12th century who were students of the glossator school in Bologna.

* 662: Tenji is said to have compiled the first Japanese legal code known to modern historians.