A range of astronomy software is available and used by amateur astronomers, including software that generates maps of the sky, software to assist with astrophotography, observation scheduling software, and software to perform various calculations pertaining to astronomical phenomena.

In computer systems, an algorithm is basically an instance of logic written in software by software developers to be effective for the intended " target " computer ( s ), in order for the target machines to produce output from given input ( perhaps null ).

* Static code analysis – the analysis of computer software that is performed without actually executing programs built from that

Provided that an applet is hosted by an operating system, it can function as any other normal software application but is and performs only a small set of tasks.

AES is based on a design principle known as a substitution-permutation network, and is fast in both software and hardware.

The Apache Software Foundation ( ASF ) is a non-profit corporation ( classified as 501 ( c )( 3 ) in the United States ) to support Apache software projects, including the Apache HTTP Server.

The 68000 has a 16-bit external data bus so must transfer 32 bits of data in two consecutive steps, a technique called multiplexing: all this is transparent to the software, which was 32-bit from the beginning.

Although the hardware is limited to four separate sound channels, software such as OctaMED uses software mixing to allow eight or more virtual channels, and it was possible for software to mix two hardware channels to achieve a single 14-bit resolution channel by playing with the volumes of the channels in such a way that one of the source channels contributes the most significant bits and the other the least.

The quality of the Amiga's sound output, and the fact that the hardware is ubiquitous and easily addressed by software, were standout features of Amiga hardware unavailable on PC platforms for years.

With safety critical systems, the software is very strictly tested.

) Compositing software is used to combine images, and makes extensive use of alpha compositing techniques.

Speeding up the low portion of memory is particularly useful on 6502 derived machines because that processor has a faster addressing mode for the first 256 bytes and so it is common for software to put any variables involved in time critical sections of program into that region.

The Electron is widely misquoted as operating at 1. 79 MHz after measurements derived from speed testing against the thoroughly 2 MHz BBC Micro for various pieces of ' common software '

Electron software is predominantly archived in the UEF file format.

He is known for his analysis of complex proprietary protocols and algorithms, to allow compatible free and open source software implementations.

AIX was the first operating system to utilize journaling file systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features like processor, disk and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation ( including fractional processor units ), and reliability engineering ported from its mainframe designs.

Astrology saw a popular revival from the nineteenth century as part of a general revival of spiritualism and later New Age philosophy, and through the influence of mass media such as newspaper horoscopes and astrology software.

The pupils could download software from the teachers computer through a network based on a fast serial connection, as well as sending back their work to the teachers computer.

In HR-CS AAS background correction is carried out mathematically in the software using information from detector pixels that are not used for measuring atomic absorption ; hence, in contrast to LS AAS, no additional components are required for background correction.

The digital signature long prevented homebrew games from being developed until the original encryption generating software was discovered.

* 1991: Sofmap begins its rise as a major seller of new and used Japan-market computer parts and software, including popular systems from NEC ( PC-8801 and 9801 ), Sharp ( X68000 ) and Fujitsu ( FM-Towns ).

Both BASICs differed from other dialects on different platforms, in that they allowed the easy creation of fairly demanding multimedia software, with full structured code and many high-level functions to load images, animations, sounds and display them in various ways.

Abstraction allows program designers to separate categories and concepts from instances of implementation, so that they do not depend on software or hardware.

However, there are resources available that facilitate this process by offering free instructions on how to draw a 3D beading diagram using free software available from inkscape. org, in the hopes that clearer beading diagrams will allow easier access to 3D beading patterns.

In the UK, the BBC Micro based OBBS software, available from Pace for use with their modems, optionally allowed for colour and graphics using the Teletext based graphics mode available on that platform.

The Internet has largely erased the distinction of shareware-most users now download the software directly from the developer's website rather than receiving it from another BBS user ' sharing ' it.

Today shareware is commonly used to mean electronically distributed software from a small developer.

The three Danes had embarked, at first successfully, on marketing software first from Denmark, and later from Ireland, before running into some challenges at the time when they met Philippe Kahn.

This required new kinds of marketing and support materials from software vendors, but Borland remained focused on the technical side of its products.

The change from pure hardware to software is on the rise, and big DJs are introducing new equipment to their kits such as the laptop, and dropping the difficulty of carrying hundreds of CDs with them.

* Microsoft Windows contains application compatibility shims to make the platform compatible with most software from earlier 32-bit and 16-bit versions ( e. g. Civilization ( circa 1991, designed for Windows 3. 0 ) running on Windows Vista ).

In modern computer systems, the BIOS chip's contents can be rewritten without removing it from the motherboard, allowing BIOS software to be upgraded in place.

The notation aspect of the Booch method has now been superseded by the Unified Modeling Language ( UML ), which features graphical elements from the Booch method along with elements from the object-modeling technique ( OMT ) and object-oriented software engineering ( OOSE ).

Decree No. 3, 390 mandated all government agencies to migrate to free software over a two-year period.

Unlike most computer software, Infocom titles were distributed under a no-returns policy, which allowed them to make money from a single game for a longer period of time.

The time period is 1993 – 1995, at a time when Microsoft has reached dominance in the software industry and emerged victorious from the " Look & Feel " lawsuit by Apple Inc., a company that had at times seemed in danger of falling apart.

Many large businesses including Dell, Disney, WorldCom, and the BBC used this WebObjects software for a short period of time.

In 2004, the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics counted 760, 840 software engineers holding jobs in the U. S .; in the same time period there were some 1. 4 million practitioners employed in the U. S. in all other engineering disciplines combined.

Shareware ( also termed trialware or demoware ) is proprietary software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis and is often limited by any combination of functionality, availability ( it may be functional for a limited time period only ), or convenience ( the software may present a dialog at startup or during usage, reminding the user to purchase it ; " nagging dialogs ").

While a long period is not a guarantee of quality in a random number generator, short periods ( such as the 2 < sup > 32 </ sup > common in many software packages ) can be problematic .< ref > Note: 2 < sup > 19937 </ sup > is approximately 4. 3 × 10 < sup > 6001 </ sup >; this is many orders of magnitude larger than the estimated number of particles in the observable universe, which is 10 < sup > 87 </ sup >.</ ref >

After an early period of cracking games software and adding these demo screens to the loaders they eventually realised the coding was more fun.

This involved system design engineering experts from 10 major European broadcasters working over a 12 month period to understand the effect of predominantly software based products to media production and broadcasting system design techniques.

In 2004, Keith Chapple of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics counted 760, 840 software engineers holding jobs in the U. S .; in the same period there were some 1. 4 million practitioners employed in the U. S. in all other engineering disciplines combined.

Thus bootable software could be uploaded to the pack and kept for a longer period.

* copyright may subsist in creative and artistic works ( e. g. books, movies, music, paintings, photographs and software ), giving a copyright holder the exclusive right to control reproduction or adaptation of such works for a certain period of time.

The Independent Institute's collection of research does not seem to provide much coverage of intellectual property debates ; its book Winners, Losers and Microsoft approaches the issue of copyright owner monopoly power only indirectly, opining that barriers to entry for a new product can be overcome by offering a discount during an introductory period ; the ability to design software to be compatible with competitors ' products ; potential coordination of customers in switching to a new standard ; etc.

Land worked for the company for three years, a period he spent honing his programming skills and writing operating system software for the company's MIDI remote controllers.

* Reliability-The software is able to perform a required function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.

The result was that music workstations evolved rapidly during this period, as new software releases could add more functionality, new voice cards developed, and new input technologies added.

In general, computer hardware manufacturers prior and up to that period tended to be weak on software.

In general, computer hardware manufacturers prior and up to that period tended to be weak on software.

The downside of greylisting is that all legitimate messages from first time senders will experience a delay in delivery, with the delay period before a new message is accepted from an unknown sender usually being configurable in the software.

) The VM user community continued to make important contributions to the software, as it had during the CP / CMS Type-III period.

Though ISPs quickly began offering software packages with setup to their customers, this brief period gave many users their first online experience.

Consequently, since 2004, Mardam-Bey distributed the software with an uncrippled evaluation license which after a 30-day evaluation period employs a nag screen that pops up on startup which urge the users to register so as to support the further development of mIRC.

During the relevant period, Step-Saver Data Systems was a value-added reseller, combining hardware and software from different vendors to offer a fully functioning computer system to various end users.