Gene diversity of the seed crops is greatly influenced by the relatedness ( kinship ) among orchard parents, the parental fertility variation, and the pollen contamination.

Fertility variation, genetic relatedness and their effects on gene diversity of seeds from a seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii.

Historic analyses use differences in genetic variation, genetic distance being one way to measure this, as a molecular clock indicating the evolutionary relatedness of various species or groups.

There is a huge variation among patients with the same diagnosis, and aphasias can be highly selective.

Distortion can be thought of as stretching the image non-uniformly, or, equivalently, as a variation in magnification across the field.

* It also describes the variation of the critical magnetic field ( above which the superconductor can no longer expel the field but becomes normal conducting ) with temperature.

One of these, Itō's lemma, expresses the composite of an Itō process ( or more generally a semimartingale ) dX < sub > t </ sub > with a twice-differentiable function f. In Itō's lemma, the derivative of the composite function depends not only on dX < sub > t </ sub > and the derivative of f but also on the second derivative of f. The dependence on the second derivative is a consequence of the non-zero quadratic variation of the stochastic process, which broadly speaking means that the process can move up and down in a very rough way.

The standard interpretation of this temperature variation is a simple velocity redshift and blueshift due to motion relative to the CMB, but alternative cosmological models can explain some fraction of the observed dipole temperature distribution in the CMB.

DEFLATE is a variation on LZ which is optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, but compression can be slow.

Based on passive cable theory one can track how changes in a neuron ’ s dendritic morphology changes the membrane voltage at the soma, and thus how variation in dendrite architectures affects the overall output characteristics of the neuron.

* A hash or dictionary or map is a more flexible variation on a record, in which name-value pairs can be added and deleted freely.

Contributing to the confusion are the facts that various species such as D. wrightii and D. inoxia are very similar in appearance, and that the variation within a species can be extreme.

There can be a 5: 1 toxin variation across plants, and a given plant's toxicity depends on its age, where it is growing, and the local weather conditions.

These plants can also withstand variation in load and consumption by adding more units or temporarily decreasing the production of some units.

Such a ladder can also be designed to have minimal sensitivity to component variation a property hard to evaluate without computer tools.

Studies show that though many people participate in gambling as a form of recreation or even as a means to gain an income, gambling, like any behavior which involves variation in brain chemistry, can become a psychologically addictive and harmful behavior in some people.

In simple terms, the variation in space of any quantity can be represented ( e. g. graphically ) by a slope.

The popularity of this variation of the gin and tonic has led to the establishment of Gin Tónica bars, in which customers can choose their preferred gin, tonic, and garnish from a menu.

This genetic diversity can provide the variation of physical and behavioural attributes ( phenotypes ) upon which natural selection can act, but, as described below in Section 6, Origin and function of meiosis, the genetic diversity may be largely a by-product of the homologous recombination that is primarily employed for its DNA repair function during meiosis.

Studies have indicated that variation in genes can play an important role in the development of mental disorders, although the reliable identification of connections between specific genes and specific categories of disorder has proven more difficult.

Migration into or out of a population can change allele frequencies, as well as introducing genetic variation into a population.

Maintained gene flow between two populations can also lead to a combination of the two gene pools, reducing the genetic variation between the two groups.

Although, thanks to their linguistic competence, human judges can be considered as the reference for a number of language processing tasks, there is also considerable variation across their ratings.

; Community card poker ( also known as flop poker ): A variation of Stud, players are dealt an incomplete hand of face-down cards, and then a number of face-up community cards are dealt to the center of the table, each of which can be used by one or more of the players to make a 5-card hand.

There is also a variation of the " Fully Wild " rule in which the wild card ( in this instance they are usually jokers as there are traditionally only two and there is only one black and one red ) can be any card of the suits matching the cards colour or current suit.

While it is certainly true that a game with too many wild cards can become so random that all skill is lost, the occasional use of wild cards is a good way to add variation to a game and add opportunities for skillful play.

As the name indicates, multiphase pumps and their mechanical seals can encounter a large variation in service conditions such as changing process fluid composition, temperature variations, high and low operating pressures and exposure to abrasive / erosive media.

The infrared emission could then be assumed to originate at the surface of the moon, while the radio emission originates at some depth beneath the surface, where the temperature variation due to solar radiation is reduced in amplitude and shifted in phase.

Since the absorption of radio waves in rocklike material varies with wave length, it should be possible to sample the temperature variation at different depths beneath the surface and possibly detect changes in the structure or composition of the lunar surface material.

The variation in the 3-cm emission of the moon during a lunation is very much less than the variation in the 8.6-mm emission, as would be expected from the explanation of Piddington and Minnett ( 1949 ).

In the discussion which follows, the time average of the radio emission will be referred to as the constant component, and the superimposed periodic variation will be called the variable component.

-- Although there was some variation in results which must be attributed either to trace impurities or to variation in wall effects, the photochemical exchange in the gas phase was sufficiently reproducible so that it seemed meaningful to compare the reaction rates in different series of reaction tubes for the purpose of obtaining information on the effect of chlorine concentration and of carbon tetrachloride concentration on the reaction rate.

The diurnal variation in the observed flux may be partly due to the dependence of the detector sensitivity on the incident velocity.

The Drexel collection, called Composite, to be shown by Titche's offers a realistic approach to decorating, a mature modern that is a variation of many designs.

The @ symbol was not used in continental Europe and the committee expected it would be replaced by an accented À in the French variation, so the @ was placed in position 40 < sub > hex </ sub > next to the letter A.

This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided.

There is the standard way to sign the word learn that seems to be used by most speakers of ASL in Canada, and there is also an Atlantic regional variation.

It may be the case that increased worldwide communication through radio, television, the Internet and globalization has reduced the tendency to regional variation.

Berg passed this on to his students, one of whom, Theodor Adorno, stated: " The main principle he conveyed was that of variation: everything was supposed to develop out of something else and yet be intrinsically different ".

A recent study suggests Alioth's 5. 1-day variation may be due to a substellar object of about 14. 7 Jupiter masses in an eccentric orbit ( e = 0. 5 ) with an average separation of 0. 055 astronomical units.

** seasonal variation: Rainfall may be distributed evenly throughout the year or be marked by seasonal variations.

The 1928 revised forms of Matrimony and Baptism were quite widely adopted, but those of other rites tended not to be ; the consequence, in practice, being very wide variation in liturgical practice from parish to parish, with very few churchmen adhering consistently to the strict observation of either the 1662 or the 1928 forms of worship.

Both versions are initiated by a bid of four notrump ( 4NT ), and the entire family of conventions may be called Blackwood 4NT in both versions, or Key Card 4NT in the key card variation.

In various ways, some accidental, the seeds are sown, and the variation in yields are observed more readily than they would be in the wild.

The sexual reproduction shows considerable variation in the type and formation of sex cells and it may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous.