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Page "The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome" ¶ 7
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Tribunes and were
They were created in the same year as the Tribunes of the People ( 494 BC ).
The Plebeian Tribunes were the only magistrates independent of the Dictator, and so with his protection, Minucius was relatively safe.
Tribunes of the Plebs were meant to be untouchable and their veto inalienable according to the Roman mos maiorum ( although there was a grey line as to what extent this existed in the declaration of and during martial law ).
Tribunes were required to be plebeians, and until 421 BC this was the only office open to them.
Both were replaced by Jane Hirt, who previously had been the editor of the Tribunes RedEye tabloid.
These actions violated Octavius ' right of sacrosanctity and worried Tiberius ' supporters, and so instead of moving to depose him, Tiberius commenced to use his veto on daily ceremonial rites in which Tribunes were asked if they would allow for key public buildings, for example the markets and the temples, to be opened.
Consequently, the Tribunes Marcus Fundanius and Lucius Valerius thought it was time to propose the abolition of the Oppian law ; but they were opposed by their colleagues, Tribunes Marcus Junius Brutus and Titus Junius Brutus.
Tribunes were legally immune to arrest or threat, and the lives and property of those who violated this law were forfeit to Ceres.
The Senate then voted that Julius Caesar ( still in Gaul ) be removed from power in favor of Pompey, but the Tribunes were able to block this decree.
* Tribounos – translation of Latin tribune ; responsible for maintenance of roads, monuments, and buildings in Constantinople ( which were the responsibility of the Aedile, not the Tribunes in earlier Latin speaking times.
H. Allen Smith's first humor book, Low Man on a Totem Pole ( 1941 ) and his two following books were so popular during World War II that they kept Smith on the New York Herald Tribunes Best Seller List for 100 weeks and prompted a collection of all three in 3 Smiths in the Wind ( 1946 ).
The Tribunes were given two assistants, called Plebeian Aediles ( aediles plebi ).
Neither Tribunes nor Aediles were technically magistrates, since they were both elected solely by the Plebeians, rather than by both the Plebeians and the Patricians.
These individuals, the so-called Consular Tribunes (" Military Tribunes with Consular powers " or tribuni militares consulari potestate ) were elected by the Century Assembly ( the assembly of soldiers ), and the senate had the power to veto any such election.
Before these laws were passed, Tribunes could only interpose the sacrosanctity of their person ( intercessio ) to veto acts of the senate, assemblies, or magistrates.
As the Tribunes and the senators grew closer, Plebeian senators were often able to secure the Tribunate for members of their own families.
However, Pompey and Crassus publicly supported Caesar ’ s bill, and the opposition to Bibulus was such, especially after he told the voters that he did not care about what they wanted that his Tribunes were unwilling to veto the bill.
The regimental commanders, the Tribunes, were already converging on the Praetorium.
The line Tribunes were commanders of Cohortes and were approximately the equivalent of colonels.

Tribunes and elected
The Tribal Assembly elected three different magistrates: Quaestors, Curule Aediles, and Military Tribunes.
The Plebeian Council elected two ' Plebeian Magistrates ', the Plebeian Tribunes and the Plebeian Aediles.
During the 440's, the office was quite often replaced with the establishment of the Consular Tribunes, who were elected whenever the military needs of the state were significant enough to warrant the election of more than the two usual consuls.
The tribuni militum consulari potestate (" military tribunes with consular authority "), in English commonly also Consular Tribunes, were tribunes elected with consular power during the so-called " Conflict of the Orders " in the Roman Republic, starting in 444 BC and then continuously from 408 BC to 394 BC and again from 391 BC to 367 BC.
The choice whether a collegium of Consular Tribunes or consuls were to be elected for a given year was made by senatus consultum, thereby ( according to Livy ) accounting for the periods of either office interspersed with the other.

Tribunes and by
Tribunes could also be appointed by the consuls or by military commanders in the field as necessary.
This was followed by The Pilgrims of the Rhine ( 1834 ), The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1834 ), Rienzi, Last of the Roman Tribunes ( 1835 ), and Harold, the Last of the Saxons ( 1848 ).
The Tribunes June 7, 1942, front page announcement that America had broken Japan's naval code was actually the potential revelation of a closely guarded military secret by the paper.
In 1994, reporter Brenda You was fired by the Tribune after free-lancing for supermarket tabloid newspapers and lending them photographs from the Tribunes photo library.
The first wind of adversity was blown by the Tampa Tribunes exposé of gambling in Fort Walton.
The latter, however, was essentially divided into the aristocratic Senate, whose will was executed by the consuls and praetors, and the comitia centuriāta, " committee of the centuries ", whose will came to be safeguarded by the Tribunes.
He was imprisoned by the Tribunes for attempting to enforce a troop levy too harshly.
Tribune also launched daily newspapers targeting urban commuters, including the Chicago Tribunes RedEye edition in 2002, followed by an investment in AM New York one year later.
However, the Patricio-Plebeian aristocracy in the senate still retained other means by which to control the Plebeian Council, in particular the closeness between the Plebeian Tribunes and the senators.
The Plebeians, by now exhausted and bitter, demanded real concessions, so the Tribunes C. Licinius Stolo and L. Sextius passed a law in 367 BC ( the " Licinio-Sextian law "), which dealt with the economic plight of the Plebeians.
Rienzi, der Letzte der Tribunen ( WWV 49 ) ( Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes ) is an early opera by Richard Wagner in five acts, with the libretto written by the composer after Bulwer-Lytton's novel of the same name ( 1835 ).
It was the enthusiasm of Colts fans in particular that led to the stadium being dubbed " The World's Largest Outdoor Insane Asylum " by Cooper Rollow, the Chicago Tribunes head NFL writer at the time.
The trademark name is now owned by the Tribunes old rival, the Winnipeg Free Press.

Tribunes and democracy
It should therefore not be viewed as the final triumph of democracy over aristocracy, since, through the Tribunes, the senate could still control the Plebeian Council.
This law should not be viewed as the final triumph of democracy over aristocracy, since, through its close relations with the Plebeian Tribunes, the senate could still control the Plebeian Council.

Tribunes and was
One of the Plebeian Tribunes ( chief representatives of the people ) for the year, Metilius, was a partisan of Minucius, and as such he sought to use his power to help Minucius.
Tribunes, the only true representatives of the people, had the authority to enforce the right of provoco ad populum, which was a theoretical guarantee of due process, and a precursor to the common law concept of habeas corpus.
Several years later, researchers discovered that the editorial in question was missing, apparently having been removed from the Tribunes archives, as well as the ' Oklahoma Edition ' of the Tribune in the state archives.
The Tribunes chief adversary through this period was the Chicago Times, which supported the Democrats.
This story was circulating in Chicago even before the flames had died out, and it was noted in the Chicago Tribunes first post-fire issue.
In 1986, the Tribune announced that celebrated film critic Gene Siskel, the Tribunes best-known writer, was no longer the paper's film critic, and that his position with the paper had shifted from being that of a full-time film critic to that of a free-lance contract writer who was to write about the film industry for the Sunday paper and also provide capsule film reviews for the paper's entertainment sections.
In December 1993, the Tribunes longtime Washington, D. C. bureau chief, Nicholas Horrock, was removed from his post after he chose not to attend a meeting that editor Howard Tyner requested of him in Chicago.
Ceres was patron and protector of plebeian laws, rights and Tribunes.
The secret to Lord's success, according to the New York Herald Tribunes critic Stanley Walker, was that he used " a kind of literary pointillism, the arrangement of contrasting bits of fact and emotion in such a fashion that a vividly real impression of an event is conveyed to the reader.
He even briefly accepted a position as the New York Daily Tribunes correspondent in Washington, D. C. By April 1850, however, his desire to return to Canada was too great, and he moved back to Toronto in May 1850.
During the 24 Hours of Le Mans, in the third hour of racing, while on the Tribunes Straight, he clipped the Austin-Healey of Lance Macklin that was forced to make an evasive move after Mike Hawthorn dived into the pits.

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