Under Arab rule Mesopotamia as a whole underwent a process of Arabisation and Islamification, and the region saw a large influx of non indigenous Arabs, Kurds, and later Turkic peoples.

Under Seyyid Said, the Omani sultan who moved his capital to Zanzibar in the early 19th century, the Arabs created long-distance trade routes into the interior.

Under the Rashidun, the Arabs conquered the Persian Empire, along with Roman Syria and Roman Egypt during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, all within just seven years from 633 to 640.

Under the Umayyads, the Arabs annexed North Africa and southern Italy from the Romans and the Arab Empire soon stretched from parts of the Indian subcontinent, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and southern Italy, to the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees.

Under Omani Arabs Zanzibar became East Africa's main slave port, with as many as 50, 000 enslaved Africans passing through every year during the 19th century.

Under the Romans and Arabs, the city was called Segovia ( Σεγουβία, Ptolomeo ii.

Under their rule, the Byzantines frequently attacked the city, periodically recapturing it before losing it again to the Arabs, particularly the Fatimids.

Under Muslim rule, Nablus contained a diverse population of Arabs and Persians, Muslims, Samaritans, Christians and Jews.

Under Ash ( Arabic name: " Taht-al-ramad ", تحت الرماد ) is a first-person shooter sometimes explained to be a response to how Arabs are pictured in video games in general and America's Army in particular.

Under the direction of Lawrence, Wilson, and other officers, the Arabs launched a highly successful campaign against the Hejaz Railway, capturing military supplies, destroying trains and tracks, and tying down thousands of Ottoman troops.

Under this umbrella name one could find ethnic Albanians, Bulgarians, Arabs, Serbians, Jews, Greeks, Turks, Kurds and Armenians united by the common goal of changing the régime.

Under the Arabs, the Byzantines were banned from Armenia and for the first time since 428 the country was under the rule of one country.

Under Plan B, the Jewish state would have 300, 400 Jews and 188, 400 Arabs ( 50, 000 in the Haifa district ), while 90, 000 Arabs and 76, 000 Jews would continue to live under British rule.

Under the influence of trading relations with Muslim Arabs, the Kimak Kaganate was drawn into the slave-trading business.

Under its best form this type is exhibited by many Irishmen, Welshmen, and Bretons, by Spaniards, South Italians, Greeks, South Slavs, Armenians, Georgians, Iranians, Egyptians, Lebanese, Arabs, many Punjabi people especially Sikhs and high-caste Brahmins ... I am much disposed to think that the Melanochroi are the result of an intermixture between the Xanthochroi and the Australoids.

Under the Act law enforcement immediately targeted mainly Arab-Americans and South Asians, including “ massive secret detentions ,” selective enforcement through “ voluntary ” interviews, deportation of Middle Eastern men and further restrictions on immigration by Arabs and Muslims.

# The Conquest of Persia, Syria, Egypt, Africa, and Spain, by the Arabs or Saracens – Empire of the Caliphs, or Successors of Mahomet – State of the Christians, & c. Under Their Government – Decline of Christianity

Under the pen name Utsunomiya Kiyo, he published a book in 1939 discussing Jewish history in regard to Japan, and describing his belief that, since Palestine was closed to Jewish settlement by the British and Arabs, Jews would seek to return to their Oriental heritage somewhere else.

Under the combined action of his Christian foes in Iberia and the agitation of Almohads ( the Muwahhids ) in Morocco.

Under penalty of death, he prohibited the kidnapping of Jewish children for the purpose of enforced Christian baptism.

Under the Muslims it remained a Christian church.

Under the Christian Constantine, Diocletian was maligned.

Under his auspices the French established a khān ( hostel ) in Sidon, the Florentines a consulate, and Christian missionaries were admitted into the country.

Under the Design, all churches in the 1968 yearbook of Christian Churches ( Disciples of Christ ) were automatically recognized as part of the Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ).

Under the banner of Christian Social Party, he later on established a one-party dictatorship rule largely modeled after fascism in Italy, banning all other Austrian parties including the Social Democratic Labour Party ( SDAPÖ ).

Under this treaty, the Russians had been granted the exclusive right to protect the Christian sites in the Holy Land.

Under his son, other Christian cities were subjected to numerous raids.

Under the great inspiration of Saint Anthony the Great ( 251-356 ), ascetic monks led by Saint Pachomius ( 286-346 ) formed the first Christian monastic communities under what became known as an Abbot, from the Aramaic abba ( father ).

Under the British rule in India, Christian missionaries from England, USA and other countries established missionary and boarding schools throughout the country.

* Under admirals Abu Abd Allah ibn Maymum of Almeria and Isa ibn Mayum of Sevilla, the Almoravid fleet attacks the Christian kingdom of Galicia.

Under the leadership of Niklot, they resisted a Christian assault during the Wendish Crusade.

Under the cloak of darkness, ninja disguised as defenders infiltrated the castle, capturing a banner of the Christian cross.

Under late Roman rule, Diocletian persecuted many Egyptian converts to the new Christian faith.

Under the stress of excommunication, Savonarola composed his spiritual masterpiece, the Triumph of the Cross, a celebration of the victory of the Cross over sin and death and an exploration of what it means to be a Christian.

Recent examples include Under the Net ( 1954 ) by Iris Murdoch, Jerzy Kosinski's The Painted Bird ( 1965 ), Thomas Berger's Little Big Man ( 1964 ), Rita Mae Brown's Rubyfruit Jungle ( 1973 ), John Kennedy Toole's A Confederacy of Dunces ( 1980 ), Isabel Allende's Eva Luna ( 1987 ), Edward Abbey's The Fool's Progress: An Honest Novel ( 1988 ), Robert Clark Young's One of the Guys ( 1999 ), Helen Zahavi's Dirty Weekend ( 1991 ), C. D. Payne's Youth in Revolt ( 1993 ), Christian Kracht's Faserland ( 1995 ), Umberto Eco's Baudolino ( 2000 ), Neal Stephenson's Quicksilver ( 2003 ), and Aravind Adiga's " The White Tiger " ( Booker Prize 2008 )

Under the leadership of Reed and Robertson, the Coalition quickly became the most prominent voice in the conservative Christian movement, its influence culminating with an effort to support the election of a conservative Christian to the presidency in 1996.

Under Constantine we hear of the foundation of a Christian church in Capua.

Under this name, it was a major city in Roman Africa, hosting several early Christian councils, and was the home of the philosopher and theologian Augustine of Hippo.

Under Christian rule until the end of the Reconquista, the city sported both a Jewish and a Moorish quarter and had a renowned marketplace.

:* Hans Christian Andersen wrote a story called " Under the Willow Tree " ( 1853 ) in which children ask questions of a tree they call " willow-father ", paired with another entity called " elder-mother ".

Under the law as it existed until 1943, the Federal Government made grants to the States on the basis of population, matching State expenditures on a 50-50 basis.

Under the Geneva Conventions of 1949, it is a war crime to transfer, directly or indirectly, the civilian population of a country power onto land under that country's military occupation.

Under Ravalomanana these investments produced substantial economic growth but the benefits were not evenly spread throughout the population, producing tensions over the increasing cost of living and declining living standards among the poor and some segments of the middle class.

Under López, Paraguay's population increased from about 220, 000 in 1840 to about 400, 000 in 1860.

Under Spanish rule, much of the population was converted to Christianity.

Under the General Government of occupied Poland in 1940, the Nazis divided the population into different groups, each with different rights, food rations, allowed housing strips in the cities, public transportation, etc.

Under the Penal Laws no Irish Catholic could sit in the Parliament of Ireland, even though some 90 % of Ireland's population was native Irish Catholic when the first of these bans was introduced in 1691.

Under the 1492 Alhambra Decree, Spain's Jewish population, unlike the Muslims, had already been forced to convert under threat of expulsion or even execution, becoming Marranos ( meaning " pigs " in Spanish ), or Catholics of Jewish descent.

Under controlled conditions, cyanobacteria can double their population four times a day.

Under Article 7 of the statute, torture may be considered a crime against humanity " when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack ".

Under the Ohrid Agreement, the Macedonian government pledged to improve the rights of the Albanian population, that make up just over 25 % of the population.

Under Napoleon III, Marseille grew to a population of 250, 000, including a very large Italian community.

Under King Boris III, Bulgaria was the only nation in Europe to save its entire Jewish population during the Holocaust.

Under total utility maximization we should prefer B to A, and through a regressive process of population increases and happiness decreases ( in each pair of cases the happiness decrease is more than outweighed by the population increase ) we are forced to prefer Z, a world of hundreds of billion people all living lives barely worth living, to A.

Under immigration both groups are better off, but if this increase is offset by increase in the population, then average welfare is lower.

Under Spanish control since 1847, there is a 190-man military garrison on Isla Isabel II, the only stable population on the small archipelago, down from 426 people in 1900 and 736 people in 1910.

Under natural selection, a gene encoding a trait that enhances the fitness of each individual carrying it should increase in frequency within the population ; and conversely, a gene that lowers the individual fitness of its carriers should be eliminated.

Under the rubric ' orderly population transfers ' the victors of the Second World War drove 15 million Germans out of their ancient homes in an ethnic cleansing far worse than what is happening today in the Middle East or Bosnia Hercegovina ... Western historians have long averted their eyes from the stupendous crime authoritatively described by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas in this grim, essential book.

Under the Prussian and German rule, the Polish population suffered from heavy Germanization by foreign rulers of their territory ; Polish farmers demanded Polish schools, and refused to teach their children German, German official Heinrich Mettenmeyer wrote that German appointed teachers were treated with highest disdain by Polish children and their parents

Under the Review of Public Administration ( RPA ) the council is due to merge with Magherafelt District Council and Cookstown District Council in 2011 to form a single council for the enlarged area totalling 1714 km² and a population of 120, 096.

Under Baldwin II, Constantinople's population had fallen to a mere 35, 000 people.

Under the Constitution of Ireland there must never be fewer than one TD for every thirty thousand of the population, nor more than one for every twenty thousand.