Under the Bourbons, the Spanish government made several efforts to regain control of the Caribbean coast.

Under the Bourbons the two ancient Kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily were unified becoming the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.

Under the Comnenian dynasty ( 1081 – 1185 ), Byzantium staged a remarkable recovery.

Under the rulers of the Nervan-Antonian dynasty, senatorial authors published histories which elaborated on the view of Domitian as a tyrant.

Under his son and successor, Henry VI, the Hohenstaufen dynasty reached its apex.

Under the leadership of the Duguwa dynasty, the Zaghawa would eventually dominate the Sao, but not before adopting many of their customs.

Under the Almoravid dynasty and the Almohad dynasty, Morocco dominated the Maghreb and Muslim Spain.

Under the Saadi dynasty, Morocco would consolidate power and fight off Portuguese and Ottoman invaders, as in the battle of Ksar el Kebir.

Under the Catalan dynasty, the 12th century saw the construction of important cathedrals and abbeys in Provence, in a harmonious new style, the romanesque, which united the Gallo-Roman style of the Rhone Valley with the Lombard style of the Alps.

Under Al-Muizz Lideenillah, the Fatimids entered Egypt ( may refer Fatimid Egypt ) in the late 10th century, conquering the Ikhshidid dynasty, and founding a new capital at al-Qāhira ( Cairo ) in 969.

Under the Samanid dynasty ( 819 – 999 ), whose founder Saman Khuda of an Zoroastrian Sassanian Persian had converted to Islam, the city came to be known as Binkath.

Under the Ming dynasty, Chinese culture bloomed.

Under the Carolingian dynasty, the chief duty of the Neustrian king was to defend the sovereignty of the Franks over the Bretons.

Under the succeeding Kassite dynasty, shortly after the middle of the 2nd millennium, Ekur was restored once more to its former splendour, several monarchs of that dynasty built upon and adorned it, and thousands of inscriptions, dating from the time of those rulers, have been discovered in its archives.

Under the late Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty that followed it, Zhejiang's ports were important centers of international trade.

Under the Ming dynasty, Shaanxi was incorporated into Gansu but was again separated in the Qing dynasty.

Under the Achaemenid dynasty Merv is mentioned as being a place of some importance: under the name of Margu it occurs as part of one of the satrapies in the Behistun inscriptions ( ca 515 BC ) of the Persian monarch Darius Hystaspis.

Under the Ur III dynasty, Umma became an important provincial center.

Under Gaozu's reign, the influence of Confucianism increased and gradually replaced Legalism, which dominated and prevailed in the previous dynasty.

Under Emperor Xuan, the Han dynasty prospered economically and militarily.

Under the Qing dynasty, the Board of Public Censors consisted of forty or fifty members, and two presidents, one of Manchu ancestry and the other of Chinese ancestry.

Under Queen Ranavalona III, the final monarch in the Merina dynasty, there were three official groups of state musicians: one for the queen, one for her prime minister, and another for the city of Antananarivo.

Under most countries ' laws ( for example, the United States and the United Kingdom ), copyrights expire at the end of the calendar year in question.

Under Zogu, Albania joined the Italian coalition against Yugoslavia of Kingdom of Italy, Hungary, and Bulgaria in 1924-1927.

Under the terms of the Anglo-Irish agreement of 6 December 1921, which ended the war ( 1919 – 1921 ), Northern Ireland was given the option of withdrawing from the new state, the Irish Free State, and remaining part of the United Kingdom.

* 1984 – Under the Brussels Agreement signed between the governments of the United Kingdom and Spain, the former agreed to enter into discussions with Spain over Gibraltar, including sovereignty.

Under the Polaris Sales Agreement, the United Kingdom paid a 5 % levy on the cost of equipment supplied in recognition of US research and development costs already incurred.

Under this pretext began allied intervention in the Russian Civil War with the United Kingdom and France sending troops into Russian ports.

Under the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, the United Kingdom insisted on retaining control over the canal.

Under the Kingdom of Bulgaria ( 1941 – 1944 ), the city was called Skopie ( Скопие ).

Under the agreement, the United Kingdom made a 5 % research and development contribution.

Under the terms of the merger, the separate Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland were abolished, and replaced by a united Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since 1714.

Under the Constitution of the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister's role has evolved, based often on the individual's personal appeal and strength of character, as contrasted between, for example, Winston Churchill as against Clement Attlee, Margaret Thatcher as against John Major.

Under the Travancore Kingdom of Kerala, ( India ), lower caste women had to pay a tax for the right to cover their upper body.

Under England's authority, Wales became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 and then the United Kingdom in 1801.

Under discussion are Shrewsbury, United Kingdom, and Tekirdağ in western Turkey.

Under the recent constitutional reforms, the Lord Advocate has become an officer of the Scottish Government, while the United Kingdom Government is advised on Scots law by the Advocate General for Scotland.

Under the terms of the treaty, the Kingdom of France ceded New France to Britain, choosing instead to keep the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique for their valuable sugar production.

Under the male-preference primogeniture in use in the United Kingdom, a daughter, sister, or other female relative of a monarch may be heir presumptive, but none has ever been heir apparent, since it has always been ( theoretically ) possible for the monarch to beget or bear a male heir who would displace any female heir, even an older sister.

In the latter days of the Third Age, this Kingdom Under the Mountain held one of the largest dwarven treasure hoards in Middle-earth.

Under the Norman monarchy of the Kingdom of England, the king and his Curia Regis held judicial power.

Under the reign of Emperor Claudius ( 41 – 54 ) the Noricum Kingdom was ultimately incorporated into the Roman Empire apparently without offering resistance.

Under the Kings of Aragon, Montpellier became a very important city, a major economic centre and the primary centre for the spice trade in the Kingdom of France.

Under Polemon I, the son and heir of Zenon, Colchis was part of the Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom.