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Under the Catalan dynasty, the 12th century saw the construction of important cathedrals and abbeys in Provence, in a harmonious new style, the romanesque, which united the Gallo-Roman style of the Rhone Valley with the Lombard style of the Alps.
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Under and Catalan
Under the Catalans, the feudal system continued to exist, not anymore under the Assizes, but under the Customs of Barcelona, and the official common language was now Catalan instead of French.
Under pressure from the Spanish government, the leader of ERC, Francesc Macià i Llussà, accepted an autonomous Catalan government instead, which recovered the historical name of Generalitat de Catalunya.
Under Franco's rule the Catalan language had been banned, the culture suppressed, institutions abolished and people imprisoned for their political beliefs.
Under and dynasty
Under the Comnenian dynasty ( 1081 – 1185 ), Byzantium staged a remarkable recovery.
Under the rulers of the Nervan-Antonian dynasty, senatorial authors published histories which elaborated on the view of Domitian as a tyrant.
Under his son and successor, Henry VI, the Hohenstaufen dynasty reached its apex.
Under the leadership of the Duguwa dynasty, the Zaghawa would eventually dominate the Sao, but not before adopting many of their customs.
Under the Almoravid dynasty and the Almohad dynasty, Morocco dominated the Maghreb and Muslim Spain.
Under the Saadi dynasty, Morocco would consolidate power and fight off Portuguese and Ottoman invaders, as in the battle of Ksar el Kebir.
Under Al-Muizz Lideenillah, the Fatimids entered Egypt ( may refer Fatimid Egypt ) in the late 10th century, conquering the Ikhshidid dynasty, and founding a new capital at al-Qāhira ( Cairo ) in 969.
Under the Samanid dynasty ( 819 – 999 ), whose founder Saman Khuda of an Zoroastrian Sassanian Persian had converted to Islam, the city came to be known as Binkath.
Under the Ming dynasty, Chinese culture bloomed.
Under the Carolingian dynasty, the chief duty of the Neustrian king was to defend the sovereignty of the Franks over the Bretons.
Under the succeeding Kassite dynasty, shortly after the middle of the 2nd millennium, Ekur was restored once more to its former splendour, several monarchs of that dynasty built upon and adorned it, and thousands of inscriptions, dating from the time of those rulers, have been discovered in its archives.
Under the late Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty that followed it, Zhejiang's ports were important centers of international trade.
Under the Ming dynasty, Shaanxi was incorporated into Gansu but was again separated in the Qing dynasty.
Under the Bourbons dynasty of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, Taormina did not have a relevant role ; however, it obtained an easier access when part of the Catrabico promontory was partially cut and a seaside road connecting it to Messina and Catania was created.
Under the Achaemenid dynasty Merv is mentioned as being a place of some importance: under the name of Margu it occurs as part of one of the satrapies in the Behistun inscriptions ( ca 515 BC ) of the Persian monarch Darius Hystaspis.
Under the Ur III dynasty, Umma became an important provincial center.
Under Gaozu's reign, the influence of Confucianism increased and gradually replaced Legalism, which dominated and prevailed in the previous dynasty.
Under Emperor Xuan, the Han dynasty prospered economically and militarily.
Under the Qing dynasty, the Board of Public Censors consisted of forty or fifty members, and two presidents, one of Manchu ancestry and the other of Chinese ancestry.
Under Queen Ranavalona III, the final monarch in the Merina dynasty, there were three official groups of state musicians: one for the queen, one for her prime minister, and another for the city of Antananarivo.
Under and 12th
Under heavy Prussian artillery fire Pécheux's 12th Infantry Division succeeded in capturing the church in the village of Ligny.
Under the German kings of the Saxon and Salian dynasties ( 10th to 12th century ), the function of the counts palatine corresponded to those of the missi dominici at the Carolingian Court.
Under Alexander Robertson, 12th chief, the clan are said to have supported James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose in all of his battles during the Scottish Civil War.
Under the direction of Jack " Big Man " Hontz, the band consists of about 425 students ranging from 9th graders to 12th graders.
Under almost continuous artillery and air attack, the 12th SS were forced to withdraw when the 2nd Canadian Division broke through on their western flank.
Under General Walther Wenck, the 12th Army made the last attempt by a German Army ( Wehrmacht Heer ) to relieve German dictator Adolf Hitler in the besieged capital city during the Battle of Berlin.
Under Max Hirsch's training, Assault made his racing debut as a two-year-old in 1945, finishing 12th.
Under the Muslims, the village was apparently called Abdegas, but during the times of the Reconquista ( 12th century ) it was called Portus de Auren, from which the name Ourém was later derived.
Whitburn's book Top Pop Singles, 12th Edition ( ISBN 978-0-89820-180-2 ), covers all Billboard Hot 100 and Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart entries from 1955 to 2008.
Under the rule of president Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom, a 12th constitution was introduced in 1998.
Under his command the division defended the Korostensky railroad junction allowing the evacuation of Kiev and the escape of the southern group of the 12th Army from encirclement.
Under and century
Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.
Under the 4th century version of democracy the roles of general and of key political speaker in the assembly tended to be filled by different persons.
In the early 20th century, the company commissioned a play-on-words song called Under the Anheuser Bush, which was recorded by several early phonograph companies.
Under Leopold II's administration, the Congo Free State became the site of one of the most infamous international scandals of the turn of the twentieth century.
While Bannister was well known in the artistic community of his adopted home of Providence, Rhode Island and admired within the wider East Coast art world ( he won a bronze medal for his large oil " Under the Oaks " at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial ), he was largely forgotten for almost a century for a complexity of reasons, principally connected with racial prejudice.
Under Justinian I, reigning in the 6th century, parts of Italy were for a few decades ( re ) conquered from the Ostrogoths: thus, this famous mosaic, featuring the Byzantine emperor in the center, can be admired at Ravenna.
İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında ( Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996 ) is a film about the lives of Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi, his brother Lagari Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.
Under Louis XIV France achieved military supremacy over its rivals, but escalating conflicts against increasingly powerful enemy coalitions checked French ambitions and left the kingdom bankrupt at the opening of the 18th century.
Under the rating system of the Royal Navy, by the middle of the 18th century, the term " frigate " was technically restricted to single-decked ships of the fifth rate, though small 28-gun frigates were classed as sixth rate.
Under the rule of Charles III and his ministers – Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache and José Moñino, Count of Floridablanca – Spain embarked on a program of enlightened despotism that brought Spain a new prosperity in the middle of the 18th century.
Under Seyyid Said, the Omani sultan who moved his capital to Zanzibar in the early 19th century, the Arabs created long-distance trade routes into the interior.
Under Russian control, Latvia was in the vanguard of industrialisation and the abolition of serfdom so that by the end of the 19th century it had become one of the most developed parts of the Russian Empire.
Under this perspective the Villa Medici in Fiesole could therefore be considered the " muse " for numerous other buildings, not only in the Florence area, which from the end of the 15th century onwards find inspiration and creative innovation here.
Under this perspective, organised crime is not a modern phenomenon-the construction of 17th and 18th century crime gangs fulfil all the present day criteria of criminal organisations ( in clear opposition to the Alien Conspiracy Theory ).
Under Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, Carantania, now ruled by a mixed Bavarian-Slav nobility, shortly emerged as a regional power, but was destroyed by the Hungarian invasions in the late 9th century.
Under any circumstance, during the end of the 13th century, Stockholm quickly grew to become not only the largest city in Sweden, but also the de facto Swedish political centre and royal residence.
Under Omani Arabs Zanzibar became East Africa's main slave port, with as many as 50, 000 enslaved Africans passing through every year during the 19th century.
Under Orson Desaix Munn III, grandson of Orson I, it had evolved into something of a " workbench " publication, similar to the twentieth century incarnation of Popular Science.
Under the influence of scientists and philosophers like Francis Bacon, a sophisticated empirical tradition was developed by the 16th century.
Under his leadership, the Examiner devoted 24 percent of its space to crime, presenting the stories as morality plays, and sprinkled adultery and " nudity " ( by 19th century standards ) on the front page.
Under this aspect, the inclusion of actual infinity into mathematics, which explicitly started with G. Cantor only towards the end of the last century, seems displeasing.
Under the name of Karalis it was established around the 7th century BC as one of a string of Phoenician colonies in Sardinia, including Tharros.
Some have even theorized that Hagbard Celine is, in fact, Captain Nemo, but that seems physically impossible, or at least very unlikely, as Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is set in the second half of the nineteenth century, which would make Hagbard Celine, if the same character and person as Nemo, over a hundred years old.
Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks a church was build in the 7th century within the walls of the Roman fortress during Dagobert I's reign.
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