Under Lincoln's leadership, the Union set up a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, took control of the border slave states at the start of the war, gained control of communications with gunboats on the southern river systems, and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Under Stalin ( pictured ) the Central Committee lost effective control over policymaking.

Under exceptional circumstances, a redive may be granted, but these are exceedingly rare ( usually for very young divers just learning how to compete, or if some event outside the diver's control has caused them to be unable to perform ).

Under pressure, Abdur Rahman agreed in 1893 to accept a mission headed by the British Indian foreign secretary, Sir Mortimer Durand, to define the limits of British and Afghan control in the Pashtun territories.

Under his presidency he worked to give directors more artistic control of their films.

Under the Oslo Accords the Philadelphi Route was to remain under Israeli control to prevent the smuggling of weapons and people across the border with Egypt.

Under other classical authors this sometimes included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Roman control on the west bank of the Rhine.

Under President René Préval ( President from 1996 to 2001 and from 2006 until 14 May 2011 ), the country's economic agenda included trade and tariff liberalization, measures to control government expenditure and increase tax revenues, civil-service downsizing, financial-sector reform, and the modernization of state-owned enterprises through their sale to private investors, the provision of private sector management contracts, or joint public-private investment.

Under the Bourbons, the Spanish government made several efforts to regain control of the Caribbean coast.

Under Æthelstan's successors Edmund and Eadred the English kings repeatedly lost and regained control of Northumbria.

Under the Roman Empire, administration of peaceful provinces was ultimately the remit of the Senate, but those, like Britain, that required permanent garrisons were placed under the Emperor's control.

Under pressure from the Assembly to improve management and coordination within the government, he issued a presidential decree giving Vice President Megawati control over the day-to-day administration of government.

Under the rules, loss of control because of mental illness was no defense.

Under a HACCP-concept ( Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point ) radiation processing can serve and contribute as an ultimate critical control point before the food reaches the consumer.

Under Moi, the apparatus of clientage and control was underpinned by the system of powerful provincial commissioners, each with a bureaucratic hierarchy based on chiefs ( and their police ) that was more powerful than the elected members of parliament.

Under Russian control, Latvia was in the vanguard of industrialisation and the abolition of serfdom so that by the end of the 19th century it had become one of the most developed parts of the Russian Empire.

Under German Imperial control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular.

Under a special arrangement agreed during the formation of Malaysia, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak can retain their respective immigration control systems.

Under the guise of protecting allies, Bickerman tells us, Rome was actually looking to expand its power and control eastward now that the Second Punic War was ended.

Under control of the effectively dictatorial Committee, the Convention quickly enacted more legislation.

Under the white-established Jim Crow laws, passed after Democrats regained control of southern legislatures, racial segregation was imposed in public facilities and retail stores in the South, including public transportation.

Under the Monnet Plan France attempted to gain economic control of the German industrial areas with large coal and mineral deposits that were not in Soviet hands: the Ruhr area and the Saar area.

Under these influences, the incipient cultivation of the Jōmon evolved into sophisticated rice-paddy farming and government control.

Under Pike's administration the Advocate promoted the viewpoint of the Whig party in a politically volatile and divided Arkansas.

Under Khrushchev the local party leadership in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) witnessed the largest turnover in provincial leaders since the Great Purge ; two out of three provincial leaders were replaced in 1953 alone.

Under Stalin the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary who was elected by the Politburo.

Under Kenny the party has also strongly opposed the perceived " rip-off " society that has developed in Ireland, advocating reform of stealth taxes and stamp duty.

Under Enda Kenny, the party has questioned Irish neutrality, with Kenny claiming that " the truth is, Ireland is not neutral.

Under a right-wing military dictatorship, Spain saw its political parties banned, except for the official party ( Falange ).

Under some conventions – e. g. the European Convention on Human Rights – individuals or states are permitted, subject to certain conditions, to take individual cases to the enforcement mechanisms ; under most, however ( e. g. the UN conventions ), individual access is contingent on the acceptance of that right by the relevant state party, either by a declaration at the time of ratification or accession, or through ratification of or accession to an optional protocol to the convention.

Under the United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, laches is an affirmative defense, which means that the burden of asserting laches is on the party responding to the claim to which it applies.

Under an agreement between President-elect Chamorro of the National Opposition Union ( Unión Nacional Oppositora-UNO ) and the defeated FSLN party, General Humberto Ortega, former defense minister and commander in chief of the EPS under the Sandinistas, remained at the head of the armed forces.

Under Stalin's direction in 1922, the party created departments of the Central Committee and other organs at lower levels that were responsible for the registration and appointment of party officials.

Under Stalin the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary who was elected by the Politburo.

Under the command economy system, every state owned enterprise was required to have a party committee.

Under the German constitution, a party that wins at least three directly-elected seats is eligible for proportional representation regardless of its nationwide vote total.

Under a parliamentary system it is more likely to produce single party governments than are PR systems, which tend to produce coalition governments.

Under a legalistic interpretation of the ALP rules, Seiffert was readmitted to the party and, together with the support of Geraghty, Premier James McGirr and Labor were able to stay in power.

Under common law, the Statute of Frauds also applies to contract modification: for example, suppose party A makes an oral agreement to lease a car from party B for 9 months.

Under a two-party system, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority party while the other is the minority party.

" Under this definition, any increase in wealth — whether through wages, benefits, bonuses, sale of stock or other property at a profit, bets won, lucky finds, awards of punitive damages in a lawsuit, qui tam actions — are all within the definition of income, unless the Congress makes a specific exemption, as it has for items such as life insurance proceeds received by reason of the death of the insured party, gifts, bequests, devises and inheritances, and certain scholarships.

Under Adams, Sinn Féin appeared to move away from being a political voice of the Provisional IRA to becoming a professionally organised political party in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

Under a no-fault divorce system, divorce requires no allegation or proof of fault of either party.