Under the circumstances, the only protection for the relatively small manufacturers is to engage in exactly the kind of conspiracy with the giants for which the latter were convicted.

Under current laws the novel will remain under copyright protection until 2020 in the European Union and until 2044 in the United States.

Under the next three centuries of Hellenistic Egypt, the Coptic writing system evolved and the Library of Alexandria was opened, and this likely had an influence upon books of magic, with the trend on known incantations switching from simple health and protection charms to more specific things such as financial success and sexual fullfillment.

Under the city's protection, they were able to form their own reformed church under John Knox and William Whittingham and eventually carried Calvin's ideas on doctrine and polity back to England and Scotland.

Under the World Trade Organization's ( WTO ) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, patents should be available in WTO member states for any invention, in all fields of technology, and the term of protection available should be a minimum of twenty years.

Under a series of treaties concluded after World War I, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Under this system which was basically a form of slavery, Spanish encomederos forced the Amerindians to work for them in exchange for Spanish " protection " and conversion to Christianity.

Under the Second Protocol of the Universal Copyright Convention ( Paris text ), protection under U. S. Copyright Law is expressly required for works published by the United Nations, by U. N. specialized agencies and by the Organization of American States.

Under WMO leadership and within the framework of WMO programs, National Meteorological and Hydrological Services contribute substantially to the protection of life and property against natural disasters, to safeguarding the environment and to enhancing the economic and social well-being of all sectors of society in areas such as food security, water resources and transport.

Under John II ( 1481 – 1495 ) the fortress of São Jorge da Mina, the modern Elmina, was founded for the protection of the Guinea trade.

Under the latter's weak rule the island suffered considerably from the inroads of various adventurers ; hence in 1386 it placed itself under the protection of Venice, which in 1401 acquired formal sovereignty over Corfu and kept it until the French Occupation in 1797.

Under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, a refugee is more narrowly defined ( in Article 1. A. 2 ) as a person who " owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ".

Under Article 32, protected persons have the right to protection from " murder, torture, corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments ... but also to any other measures of brutality whether applied by non-combatant or military agents ".

Under the Indian trademark law, any distinctive and identifying mark, which is capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one owner from that of another, may be utilized as Trademark and such marks are afforded protection under the law.

Under Olof Palme's government matters concerned with child care centers, social security, protection of the elderly, accident safety, and housing problems received special attention.

Under war, civil unrest, armed conflict and other emergency situations, children and youths are also offered protection under the United Nations Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict.

Under the common law, the practice of law is simply the full and equal protection of law coupled with securing all of the rights of the petitioner / defendent, by whomever takes up that task, to the exclusion of all others, even government!

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under Ottoman protection, the Khanate of Crimea continued its precarious existence until Catherine the Great annexed it on April 8, 1783.

Under the duke ’ s protection, the Abbey of Dieleghem was founded in 1095 by the Bishop of Cambrai and administered by Augustinian canons.

Under the protection of U. S. Marines on ships offshore, the last U. S. forces left Somalia before the end of March, meeting a deadline set earlier by President Clinton.

Under the Minnesota approach, as a preliminary matter, the moving party must meet the burden of showing that the circumstances which bring the case within the purview of SLAPP protection exists.

Under this protection, Malacca flourished into one of Ayutthaya's great foes, until its conquest in 1511 by the Portuguese.

See also note 43 at p. 163, with references to Palanque ( 1933 ), Gaudemet ( 1972 ), Matthews ( 1975 ) and King ( 1961 )</ ref > Under Ambrose's influence, Theodosius issued the 391 " Theodosian decrees ," which with increasing intensity outlawed Pagan practises, and the Altar of Victory was removed by Gratian.

* Pre Rup Style ( 944-968 ): Under King Rajendravarman, the Angkorian Khmer built the temples of Pre Rup, East Mebon and Phimeanakas.

Under King Agaja ( ruled 1708 – 1732 ), the kingdom conquered Allada, where the ruling family originated.

Under the direction of Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylonian armies exiled three thousand Jews from Judah, deposing King Jehoiachin in 597 BCE.

Under the charter forming the Hudson's Bay Company, the company was required to give two elk skins and two black beaver pelts to the English King, then Charles II, or his heirs, whenever the monarch visits an area that was formerly Rupert's Land.

Under it, the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier, and Cologne, as well as the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony, and the Margrave of Brandenburg held the right to elect the King.

Under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312.

Under a January 1986 Military Council decree, state executive and legislative powers were transferred to the King who was to act on the advice of the Military Council, a self-appointed group of leaders of the Royal Lesotho Defense Force ( RLDF ).

The following all-color musicals were produced in 1929 and 1930 alone: The Show of Shows ( 1929 ), Sally ( 1929 ), The Vagabond King ( 1930 ), Follow Thru ( 1930 ), Bright Lights ( 1930 ), Golden Dawn ( 1930 ), Hold Everything ( 1930 ), The Rogue Song ( 1930 ), Song of the Flame ( 1930 ), Song of the West ( 1930 ), Sweet Kitty Bellairs ( 1930 ), Under A Texas Moon ( 1930 ), Bride of the Regiment ( 1930 ), Whoopee!

Under the terms of the marriage treaty, Philip was to be styled " King of England ", all official documents ( including Acts of Parliament ) were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple, for Mary's lifetime only.

Under Mary's marriage treaty with Philip, the official joint style reflected not only Mary's but also Philip's dominions and claims: " Philip and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol ".

Under King Francis I ( who reigned 1515 – 1547 ), the Maréchaussée was merged with the Constabulary.

Wayne Smith's " Under Me Sleng Teng " was produced by King Jammy in 1985 on a Casio MT-40 synthesizer, and is generally recognized as the seminal ragga song.

Under the leadership of Cardinal Wolsey ( the Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor ) and Thomas Cranmer ( the Archbishop of Canterbury ) ( 1515-1529 ), the Court of Star Chamber became a political weapon for bringing actions against opponents to the policies of King Henry VIII, his Ministers and his Parliament.

Under King, the college was moved from its original location in downtown Muskogee to a larger campus on lands donated by Pleasant Porter.

Under the Peace of Utrecht, Philip was recognized as King Philip V of Spain, but renounced his place in the French line of succession, thereby precluding the union of the French and Spanish crowns ( although there was some sense in France that this renunciation was illegal ).

Under its terms, Edward III gives up his claim to the French throne and releases King John II of France in return for French land, including Calais & Gascony.

Under pressure from the Saxons, and misinformed as to the significance of this battle, Gregory abandoned his waiting policy and again pronounced the excommunication and deposition of King Henry on 7 March 1080.

Under its terms, King William III, childless, would be succeeded by Queen Mary II's sister Princess Anne and her descendants.

Under the pressure of the Byzantine, a subsequent King of Hungary appointed one Kulin as a Ban to rule the province under the eastern vassalage.

Under Article 12 of the Treaty, Northern Ireland could exercise its opt out by presenting an address to the King requesting not to be part of the Irish Free State.

Under King Michael I and the military government of Antonescu, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact on November 23, 1940.

Under the gallicised version of her name, Catherine de Médicis, she was Queen consort of France as the wife of King Henry II of France from 1547 to 1559.

Under King William II the large monastery of Benedictines coming from Cava de ' Tirreni, with its church, was founded and provided with a large asset.