Under the circumstances, the only protection for the relatively small manufacturers is to engage in exactly the kind of conspiracy with the giants for which the latter were convicted.

Under current laws the novel will remain under copyright protection until 2020 in the European Union and until 2044 in the United States.

Under the next three centuries of Hellenistic Egypt, the Coptic writing system evolved and the Library of Alexandria was opened, and this likely had an influence upon books of magic, with the trend on known incantations switching from simple health and protection charms to more specific things such as financial success and sexual fullfillment.

Under the city's protection, they were able to form their own reformed church under John Knox and William Whittingham and eventually carried Calvin's ideas on doctrine and polity back to England and Scotland.

Under the World Trade Organization's ( WTO ) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, patents should be available in WTO member states for any invention, in all fields of technology, and the term of protection available should be a minimum of twenty years.

Under a series of treaties concluded after World War I, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Under this system which was basically a form of slavery, Spanish encomederos forced the Amerindians to work for them in exchange for Spanish " protection " and conversion to Christianity.

Under the Second Protocol of the Universal Copyright Convention ( Paris text ), protection under U. S. Copyright Law is expressly required for works published by the United Nations, by U. N. specialized agencies and by the Organization of American States.

Under WMO leadership and within the framework of WMO programs, National Meteorological and Hydrological Services contribute substantially to the protection of life and property against natural disasters, to safeguarding the environment and to enhancing the economic and social well-being of all sectors of society in areas such as food security, water resources and transport.

Under John II ( 1481 – 1495 ) the fortress of São Jorge da Mina, the modern Elmina, was founded for the protection of the Guinea trade.

Under the latter's weak rule the island suffered considerably from the inroads of various adventurers ; hence in 1386 it placed itself under the protection of Venice, which in 1401 acquired formal sovereignty over Corfu and kept it until the French Occupation in 1797.

Under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, a refugee is more narrowly defined ( in Article 1. A. 2 ) as a person who " owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ".

Under Article 32, protected persons have the right to protection from " murder, torture, corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments ... but also to any other measures of brutality whether applied by non-combatant or military agents ".

Under the Indian trademark law, any distinctive and identifying mark, which is capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one owner from that of another, may be utilized as Trademark and such marks are afforded protection under the law.

Under Olof Palme's government matters concerned with child care centers, social security, protection of the elderly, accident safety, and housing problems received special attention.

Under war, civil unrest, armed conflict and other emergency situations, children and youths are also offered protection under the United Nations Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict.

Under the common law, the practice of law is simply the full and equal protection of law coupled with securing all of the rights of the petitioner / defendent, by whomever takes up that task, to the exclusion of all others, even government!

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under Ottoman protection, the Khanate of Crimea continued its precarious existence until Catherine the Great annexed it on April 8, 1783.

Under the protection of King François I of France, he assumed the title of King of Navarre and was lavishly crowned in Lescar, despite Ferdinand's claim being continued by his grandson Charles I.

Under the duke ’ s protection, the Abbey of Dieleghem was founded in 1095 by the Bishop of Cambrai and administered by Augustinian canons.

Under the protection of U. S. Marines on ships offshore, the last U. S. forces left Somalia before the end of March, meeting a deadline set earlier by President Clinton.

Under the Minnesota approach, as a preliminary matter, the moving party must meet the burden of showing that the circumstances which bring the case within the purview of SLAPP protection exists.

Under the Sultanate of Malacca the language evolved into a form recognizable to speakers of modern Malay.

Under its terms, the Netherlands ceded Malacca and their bases in India to the British, and recognised the British claim to Singapore.

Under Tun Perak's service which spanned several sultans, Malacca reached its height in the late 15th century.

Under the Qing, traditional forms of art flourished and innovations were made at many levels and in many types.

Under their rule the city-state flourished and expanded.

Under the constitution of 1950 the Roman Catholic Church was recognized as the official religion and church-run schools flourished.

Under Medill's management, the Tribune flourished, becoming one of the largest newspapers in Chicago.

Under Byzantine rule, Christianity flourished and numerous churches were built.

Under King Evagoras ( 411-374 BCE ) Greek culture and art flourished in the city and it would be interesting one day when the spade of the archaeologist uncovers public buildings of this period.

and I die, and I love --- Whether the glass might be art, or mysticism --- To be reborn, bearing my dream as a diadem, Under that former sky where Beauty once flourished!

Under his guidance the school flourished greatly — there were at one period more than 2000 students, Diogenes affirms, and at his death, according to the terms of his will preserved by Diogenes, he bequeathed to it his garden with house and colonnades as a permanent seat of instruction.

Under their peaceful rule their territories flourished, until the weakening of the Mughal empire and the rise of the expanding Bundela and Maratha powers brought misfortune upon them.

Under the Baal Shem Tov and then the Maggid, Hasidism had flourished in Podolia and Volynia ( present day Ukraine ).

Under King Ramkhamhaeng the kingdom of Sukhothai flourished the most.

Under the leadership of Abu Ahmad ’ s descendants, the Chishtiya as they are also known, flourished as a regional mystical order.

Under his rule Texcoco flourished as the intellectual centre of the Triple Alliance and it possessed an extensive library that, tragically, did not survive the Spanish conquest.

Under his stewardship, the abbey flourished and doubled the size of its vineyard holding.

Under James's son, William, the business flourished, but most of the profits were ploughed back into employee welfare, housing and education.

Under Harewood's guidance it flourished, and in 1981 it became an independent company, Opera North.

Under the empire it seems to have flourished once again, but is not often mentioned in history.

Under increasing Roman influence, the local economy and trade flourished.

Under the caliphs Harun al-Rashid and his son Al-Ma ' mun, the House of Wisdom in Baghdad flourished.

Under Mamontov, Russian themes and folk art flourished there.

Under this influence, Polish literature flourished anew in the works of a school of 19th-century Romantic poets, led by Adam Mickiewicz.

Under Muslim rule the district flourished for a time ; but a mysterious depopulation took place and the whole region seems to have been almost entirely abandoned.

Under the influence of Tadeusz Kotarbiński, praxeology flourished in Poland.

Under the rule of Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, who acted as a very generous patron of the arts, the theatre greatly flourished.