Under the duke were three aristocratic families, whose heads bore the title of viscount and held hereditary positions in the Lu bureacracy.

Under the Lombards, it was the seat of a duke who minted his own coins.

Under the rule of Frederick IV " Empty Pockets " internal conflicts between the powerful local aristocracy and the duke arose, which eventually led to the decline of the nobles and of their traditional system of values, and strengthened the duke's rule over the country.

Under the care of his stepfather, the young duke received a careful and liberal education and made his entrée into the aristocratic and literary society of Paris under the First French Empire.

Under the terms of the treaty, the duke was compelled to submit himself and his duchy as a vassal of the king of France.

Under the next duke, Jacob Kettler, the Duchy reached the peak of its prosperity.

The grand old duke is dead now, alas, but he loved that tour of Australia more than any other official duty he had ever undertaken in his auspicious public life ... I could write a whole volume on the Duke Down Under.

Under Nicholas II, the grand duke received further promotions.

Under client – server, should a critical server fail, clients ’ requests cannot be fulfilled by this failed entity, but may be taken by another parallel server which has access to the same data as the failed entity.

Under the new deal, HP will provide network, workplace, mainframe management, applications and systems integration services for GM ’ s worldwide operations.

Under the title, I disegni di Fellini ( Fellini ’ s Designs ), he published 350 drawings executed in pencil, watercolours, and felt pens.

Under the government ’ s post-conflict economic and financial program, implemented with IMF and World Bank input, real GDP recovered in 1999 by almost 8 %.

Under Hippocrates ’ bodily humors theory, differences in human moods come as a consequence of imbalances in one of the four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.

Under Mahathir bin Mohamad ’ s long Prime Ministership ( 1981 – 2003 ), Malaysia ’ s political culture became increasingly centralized and authoritarian, due to Mahathir's belief that the multiethnic Malaysia could only remain stable through controlled democracy.

Under his leadership, Knoll created new jobs, gave factory workers annual bonuses, established a scholarship program for the children of employees, created retirement plans for employees who didn ’ t have any, and gave workers stock in the company.

Under Nehru ’ s leadership, the government attempted to develop India quickly by embarking on agrarian reform and rapid industrialization.

He was particularly drawn to Socialist writings, he studied socialist philosopher Hajime Kawakami, and at age 23 translated and published Oscar Wilde ’ s The Soul of Man Under Socialism.

Under ancient Roman penal practice, crucifixion was also a means of exhibiting the criminal ’ s low social status.

In his 1914 article “ Disruption of Unity ”, Lenin wrote, " Under cover of ‘ non-factionalism ’ Trotsky is championing the interests of a group abroad which particularly lacks definite principles and has no basis in the working-class movement in Russia.

Under Robespierre ’ s leadership, members of various revolutionary factions and groups were executed including the Hébertists and the Dantonists, many of whom had been Robespierre ’ s personal friends.

Under BAPCPA, a debtor who has moved from one state to another within two years of filing ( 730 days ) the bankruptcy case must use exemptions from the place of the debtor ’ s domicile for the majority of the 180 day time period preceding the two years ( 730 days ) before the filing.

Under pressure from radical and politicised pemuda (' youth ') groups, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed Indonesian independence, on 17 August 1945, two days after the Japanese Emperor ’ s surrender in the Pacific.

Under the leadership of the foreign management the company renewed its model range, established cooperation with the leading international manufacturers and achieved the best financial results in the company ’ s history.

Under the SG are two Deputy SG ’ s ( I and II ) who manage the operational departments of the agency and a Senior Technical Advisor.

Under Séamus Ó Braonáin ’ s original 1903 camogie rules both the match and the field were shorter than their hurling equivalents.

Under Agee ’ s guidance, UNCG reached the 20-win plateau 16 times.

“ Under the Hood of Tess: Conflicting Reproductive Strategies in Thomas Hardy ’ s Tess of the D ’ Urbervilles ” Neophilologus: International Journal of Modern and Mediaeval Language and Literature.

Under General Jubal A. Early ’ s command and following Lee ’ s orders, General John B. Gordon was to place Lancaster and the surrounding farming area “ under contribution ” for the Confederate Army ’ s war supplies and to attack Harrisburg from the east side of the river, while another portion of Lee ’ s army advanced from the west side.

: Under 15 years: 1. 03 male ( s )/ female

Under the new rule, when any runner is thrown out, and the other ( s ) are successful, the successful runners will not be credited with a stolen base.

: Under 15 years: 1. 05 male ( s )/ female

: Under 15 years: 1. 02 male ( s )/ female

Under Lorentz transformations, the time and distance between events may differ among inertial reference frames ; however, the Lorentz scalar distance s between two events is the same in all inertial reference frames

** Under 15 years: 1. 04 male ( s )/ female

Under such a system, the publisher has permission to edit, print, and distribute the article commercially, but the author ( s ) retain the other rights themselves.

Under an assumption of constant gravity, Newton's law of universal gravitation simplifies to F = mg, where m is the mass of the body and g is a constant vector with an average magnitude of 9. 81 m / s < sup > 2 </ sup >.

: Under 15 years: 1. 05 male ( s )/ female

: Under 15 years: 1 male ( s )/ female

: Under 15 years: 1 male ( s )/ female

: Under 15 years: 1. 04 male ( s )/ female

Under the circumstances, the only protection for the relatively small manufacturers is to engage in exactly the kind of conspiracy with the giants for which the latter were convicted.

Under current laws the novel will remain under copyright protection until 2020 in the European Union and until 2044 in the United States.

Under the next three centuries of Hellenistic Egypt, the Coptic writing system evolved and the Library of Alexandria was opened, and this likely had an influence upon books of magic, with the trend on known incantations switching from simple health and protection charms to more specific things such as financial success and sexual fullfillment.

Under the city's protection, they were able to form their own reformed church under John Knox and William Whittingham and eventually carried Calvin's ideas on doctrine and polity back to England and Scotland.

Under the World Trade Organization's ( WTO ) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, patents should be available in WTO member states for any invention, in all fields of technology, and the term of protection available should be a minimum of twenty years.

Under a series of treaties concluded after World War I, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Under this system which was basically a form of slavery, Spanish encomederos forced the Amerindians to work for them in exchange for Spanish " protection " and conversion to Christianity.

Under the Second Protocol of the Universal Copyright Convention ( Paris text ), protection under U. S. Copyright Law is expressly required for works published by the United Nations, by U. N. specialized agencies and by the Organization of American States.

Under WMO leadership and within the framework of WMO programs, National Meteorological and Hydrological Services contribute substantially to the protection of life and property against natural disasters, to safeguarding the environment and to enhancing the economic and social well-being of all sectors of society in areas such as food security, water resources and transport.

Under John II ( 1481 – 1495 ) the fortress of São Jorge da Mina, the modern Elmina, was founded for the protection of the Guinea trade.

Under the latter's weak rule the island suffered considerably from the inroads of various adventurers ; hence in 1386 it placed itself under the protection of Venice, which in 1401 acquired formal sovereignty over Corfu and kept it until the French Occupation in 1797.

Under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, a refugee is more narrowly defined ( in Article 1. A. 2 ) as a person who " owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ".

Under Article 32, protected persons have the right to protection from " murder, torture, corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments ... but also to any other measures of brutality whether applied by non-combatant or military agents ".

Under the Indian trademark law, any distinctive and identifying mark, which is capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one owner from that of another, may be utilized as Trademark and such marks are afforded protection under the law.

Under Olof Palme's government matters concerned with child care centers, social security, protection of the elderly, accident safety, and housing problems received special attention.

Under war, civil unrest, armed conflict and other emergency situations, children and youths are also offered protection under the United Nations Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict.

Under the common law, the practice of law is simply the full and equal protection of law coupled with securing all of the rights of the petitioner / defendent, by whomever takes up that task, to the exclusion of all others, even government!

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under Ottoman protection, the Khanate of Crimea continued its precarious existence until Catherine the Great annexed it on April 8, 1783.

Under the protection of King François I of France, he assumed the title of King of Navarre and was lavishly crowned in Lescar, despite Ferdinand's claim being continued by his grandson Charles I.

Under the protection of U. S. Marines on ships offshore, the last U. S. forces left Somalia before the end of March, meeting a deadline set earlier by President Clinton.

Under the Minnesota approach, as a preliminary matter, the moving party must meet the burden of showing that the circumstances which bring the case within the purview of SLAPP protection exists.

Under this protection, Malacca flourished into one of Ayutthaya's great foes, until its conquest in 1511 by the Portuguese.