Under the circumstances, the only protection for the relatively small manufacturers is to engage in exactly the kind of conspiracy with the giants for which the latter were convicted.

Under current laws the novel will remain under copyright protection until 2020 in the European Union and until 2044 in the United States.

Under the next three centuries of Hellenistic Egypt, the Coptic writing system evolved and the Library of Alexandria was opened, and this likely had an influence upon books of magic, with the trend on known incantations switching from simple health and protection charms to more specific things such as financial success and sexual fullfillment.

Under the city's protection, they were able to form their own reformed church under John Knox and William Whittingham and eventually carried Calvin's ideas on doctrine and polity back to England and Scotland.

Under the World Trade Organization's ( WTO ) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, patents should be available in WTO member states for any invention, in all fields of technology, and the term of protection available should be a minimum of twenty years.

Under a series of treaties concluded after World War I, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Under this system which was basically a form of slavery, Spanish encomederos forced the Amerindians to work for them in exchange for Spanish " protection " and conversion to Christianity.

Under the Second Protocol of the Universal Copyright Convention ( Paris text ), protection under U. S. Copyright Law is expressly required for works published by the United Nations, by U. N. specialized agencies and by the Organization of American States.

Under WMO leadership and within the framework of WMO programs, National Meteorological and Hydrological Services contribute substantially to the protection of life and property against natural disasters, to safeguarding the environment and to enhancing the economic and social well-being of all sectors of society in areas such as food security, water resources and transport.

Under John II ( 1481 – 1495 ) the fortress of São Jorge da Mina, the modern Elmina, was founded for the protection of the Guinea trade.

Under the latter's weak rule the island suffered considerably from the inroads of various adventurers ; hence in 1386 it placed itself under the protection of Venice, which in 1401 acquired formal sovereignty over Corfu and kept it until the French Occupation in 1797.

Under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, a refugee is more narrowly defined ( in Article 1. A. 2 ) as a person who " owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ".

Under Article 32, protected persons have the right to protection from " murder, torture, corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments ... but also to any other measures of brutality whether applied by non-combatant or military agents ".

Under the Indian trademark law, any distinctive and identifying mark, which is capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one owner from that of another, may be utilized as Trademark and such marks are afforded protection under the law.

Under Olof Palme's government matters concerned with child care centers, social security, protection of the elderly, accident safety, and housing problems received special attention.

Under war, civil unrest, armed conflict and other emergency situations, children and youths are also offered protection under the United Nations Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict.

Under the common law, the practice of law is simply the full and equal protection of law coupled with securing all of the rights of the petitioner / defendent, by whomever takes up that task, to the exclusion of all others, even government!

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under the leadership of the first mayor, S. L. Davis and the first police chief, James Duran, police protection was restored to the area.

Under Ottoman protection, the Khanate of Crimea continued its precarious existence until Catherine the Great annexed it on April 8, 1783.

Under the protection of King François I of France, he assumed the title of King of Navarre and was lavishly crowned in Lescar, despite Ferdinand's claim being continued by his grandson Charles I.

Under the duke ’ s protection, the Abbey of Dieleghem was founded in 1095 by the Bishop of Cambrai and administered by Augustinian canons.

Under the Minnesota approach, as a preliminary matter, the moving party must meet the burden of showing that the circumstances which bring the case within the purview of SLAPP protection exists.

Under this protection, Malacca flourished into one of Ayutthaya's great foes, until its conquest in 1511 by the Portuguese.

* – both of Young's books were commissioned by the U. S. Department of Defense, Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense ( Installations and Environment )

Under the 1999 U. S. Government's Leadership and Investment in Fighting an Epidemic ( LIFE ) Initiative, CDC through the BOTUSA Project has undertaken many projects and has assisted many organizations in the fight against the HIV / AIDS epidemic in Botswana.

Under current United States law, bio-agents which have been declared by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services or the U. S. Department of Agriculture to have the " potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety " are officially defined as " select agents ".

Under the terms of the U. S .- Chile FTA, the price bands will be completely phased out for U. S. imports of wheat, wheat flour, and sugar within 12 years.

Under U. S. Supreme Court precedent, a state of incorporation gets to keep any abandoned and unclaimed property, such as uncashed checks and unredeemed gift certificates, if the corporation does not have information about the location of the owner of the property.

Under the Compact, the U. S. has full authority and responsibility for the defense of the FSM.

Under the Compact, the U. S. has full authority and responsibility for the defense of the FSM.

The talks were named after U. S. Treasury Secretary and former Under Secretary of State, Douglas Dillon, who first proposed the talks.

Under long-standing bilateral agreements flowing from NATO membership, Italy hosts important U. S. military forces at Vicenza – home of 173d Airborne Brigade – and Livorno ( USA ); Aviano ( USAF ); and Sigonella, Nisida, and Gaeta – home port for the U. S. Navy Sixth Fleet.

* 1940 – The United States ' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U. S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Under his leadership, Canada supported the United Nations ( U. N .) in the Korean War and committed the third largest overall contribution of troops, ships and aircraft to the U. N. forces to the conflict.

Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U. S. will provide US $ 57. 7 million per year to the Marshall Islands ( RMI ) through 2013, and then US $ 62. 7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U. S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts.

Surprise !, 1976 ( Under the name Sainte-Carmen of the Main, this play received its first U. S. run at New York City's Cubiculo Theatre in 1986 )

Under this deal, allegedly, Nauru would also establish an embassy in China and perform certain " safehouse " and courier services for the U. S. government, in a scheme codenamed " Operation Weasel ".

Under the terms of the accord, both sides agreed to disarm, Díaz would be allowed to finish his term and a new national army would be established, the Guardia Nacional ( National Guard ), with U. S. soldiers remaining in the country to supervise the upcoming November presidential election.

Under the terms of the agreement, the U. S. is to retain its rights to bases on the island, but these are to be nuclear-free.

* John D. Holum, Director of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security under Bill Clinton.

Under the U. S. legal system, courts are set up in a hierarchy.

Peru has signed a number of free trade agreements, including the 2007 United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, and agreements with Chile, Canada, Singapore, Thailand and China. Under President Alan Garcia administration Peru achieved a bilateral Trade agreement with U. S. since 2010 to improve exports for its country and reach in August 2011 its pick in exports of more than 4, 700 MM.

Under his administration, Section 936 of the U. S. Internal Revenue Tax Code () was implemented as an economic incentive.