Until Moscow resumed nuclear testing last September 1, the US and UK had released more than twice as much radiation into the atmosphere as the Russians, and the fallout from the earlier blasts is still coming down.

* Marc Crandall ( Until January 1, 2012 )

Until 1947, the East Wing of Pakistan, separated from the West Wing by 1, 600 km of Indian territory, had been heavily dependent on Hindu management.

Until then, as indicated in point # 1 of the " Laconia Order ", it was common for U-boats to assist torpedoed survivors with food, water, simple medical care for the wounded, and a compass bearing to the nearest landmass ; it was extremely rare for survivors to be brought on board as space on a U-boat was barely enough for its own crew.

Until recently an open dialing plan was used but as of April 1, 2012 Moldova has implemented a closed dialing plan on all of its territory.

Until 1751 in England and Wales ( and all British dominions ) the new year started on 25 March – Lady Day, one of the four quarter days ( the change to 1 January took place in 1600 in Scotland ).

Until June 1, 2012, no pitcher in Mets history had thrown a no-hitter, and the franchise's hurlers had gone 8, 019 games without pitching one — longer than any other Major League franchise.

Until 1989, Netherlands Public Broadcasting was the only television network in the Netherlands, with three stations, Nederland 1, Nederland 2 and Nederland 3.

Until further information is derived from the bidding, assume that a typical opening hand by partner contains 7 losers, e. g., has 7 losers ( 1 + 2 + 2 + 2

Until 2010, the final location of Lunokhod 1 was uncertain by a few kilometers.

In the early 1970s Jones had a number of hit singles, including " She's a Lady ", " Till ", and " The Young New Mexican Puppeteer ", but in the mid 1970s his popularity declined although he did have a big hit in 1976 with " Say You'll Stay Until Tomorrow " which went to No. 1 on the US country chart and No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Until March 1, 2003, the Service was part of the United States Department of the Treasury.

Until the formal opening of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom on 1 October 2009, life peers created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act were known as " Lords of Appeal in Ordinary " or in common parlance " Law Lords ".

Until the late 1970s, microcomputers had primarily been sold in specialty computer stores at a cost of more than $ 1, 000 USD.

Until 1960, the meter was defined by a platinum-iridium prototype bar with two scratch marks on it ( that were, by definition, spaced apart by one meter ), the International Prototype Metre, and in 1983 the meter was redefined to be the distance in free space covered by light in 1 / 299, 792, 458 of a second ( thus defining the speed of light to be 299, 792, 458 meters per second ).

Until regulations changed on November 1, 2010, New Jersey was unique in its requirement that schools conduct two fire drills per month.

Until it became a part of Leudal on 1 January 2007 Haelen was a separate municipality, including the villages of Buggenum, Horn, and Nunhem.

Until it became a part of Leudal on 1 January 2007, Heythuysen was a separate municipality, including the villages of Baexem, Grathem and Kelpen-Oler.

Until it became a part of Leudal on 1 January 2007, Hunsel was a separate municipality, covering also the villages of Ell, Haler, Ittervoort and Neeritter

Until 1 January 2007, Swalmen was a separate municipality, covering the villages Swalmen, Asselt and Boukoul.

Until 1 January 2005, Lichtenvoorde was an independent municipality.

Until January 1, 2006, Amerongen was a separate municipality, which covered the village of Amerongen itself, Overberg, and the western part of the village of Elst.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the population stayed relatively stable at some 1, 500 persons.

Until January 1, 2007, Galten municipality was a municipality ( Danish, kommune ) in Aarhus County in the eastern part of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.

Until the marriage of the Crown Prince Hirohito ( Emperor Shōwa ) to Princess Nagako of Kuni ( posthumously Empress Kōjun ) in January 1924, the principal consorts of emperors and crown princes had always been recruited from one of the Sekke Fujiwara.

Until 1873, the Sedantag was moved to January 18 or Day of the Frankfurt Treaty ( May 10, 1871 ).

Until entry into force in January 2002, DTRA support for the treaty involved participating in training and joint trial flights ( JTFs ).

Music From the Motion Picture Soundtrack Until The End of the World was released January 1991, and includes the following tracks:

Until 1971, Danish princes who married women who did not belong to a royal or noble family were refused the Sovereign's authorization, renouncing their right of succession to the throne and royal title ( Prince Aage of Denmark morganatically eloped with Matilda Calvi, daughter of Count Carlo Giorgio di Bergolo, in January 1914 but renounced his dynastic rights and titles subsequently ).

Until the suppression of the Octave of the Epiphany in the 1960 reforms, 13 January was the Octave day of the Epiphany, providing the date for the end of the season.

Until January 31, 2007 this was operated by Greyhound Bus Lines.

Until January 1st, 2011 it was the main village in a municipality with the same name.

Until January, 2012, Washington Township is in the

Until January 14, 1983, Newtown was served by SEPTA's Fox Chase / Newtown Line commuter rail service.

Until 1953 the school was known as Wickett Ward School, but after the death of Mrs. Helen Gensler ( a teacher ), the Trustees on January 13, 1953 voted to change the name of the Helen Gensler Elementary School.

Until January 1, 2007, Gjern municipality is a municipality ( Danish, kommune ) in Aarhus County in the eastern part of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.

Until January 1, 2007, it was the site of the municipal council of the now former Hadsten municipality.

Until January 1, 2007, Hinnerup was the site of the municipal council of the now former Hinnerup municipality.

Until January 1, 2007, it was also the site of the municipal council of the now former Hammel municipality.

Until at least September 2005, the United States funded efforts to help protect a major pipeline, the 769-kilometer-long Caño Limón – Puerto Coveñas pipeline, which carries about 20 percent of Colombia's oil production to Puerto Coveñas from the guerrilla-infested Arauca region in the eastern Andean foothills and Amazonian jungle.

Until 2004 ( in 2005 – 2007 the Jaguars went back to wearing white at home for early season games ) and then 2008, the Jaguars would always wear their white jerseys for afternoon games at home during the first half of the season.

Until 2005 ( after the election ), no legal parties existed.

Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Burma by consensus.

Until 2005, the Lord Chancellor fused the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, as he was the ex officio Speaker of the House of Lords, a Government Minister who sat in Cabinet and was head of the Lord Chancellor's Department which administered the courts, the justice system and appointed judges, and was the head of the Judiciary in England and Wales and sat as a judge on the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, the highest domestic court in the entire United Kingdom, and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the senior tribunal court for parts of the Commonwealth.

Until 2005, Russia had 11, 000 border guards manning the Tajik frontier with Afghanistan.

Until recently, as of 2005 the x86 architecture did not meet the Popek and Goldberg requirements-a specification for virtualization created in 1974 by Gerald J. Popek and Robert P. Goldberg.

Until recently, biographers have largely ignored this incident in Beiderbecke's life, and Lion was the first, in 2005, to print the police blotter and affidavit associated with the arrest.

Until 2005, most of Thorpe's biographers were unaware of his basketball career until a ticket discovered in an old book that year documented his career in basketball.

Until recently, Eta Carinae was thought to be the most massive single star, but in 2005 it was realised to be a binary system.

Until 2005, this one-mile race track featured bi-annual NASCAR-sanctioned events in the Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series divisions.

Until 2006 it was one of the Conservative party's safest seats, but the by-election of that year saw the party's electoral majority fall steeply from over 13, 000 ( in the 2005 election ) to just over 600 votes ( see below-" Election results ").

Until 2005, Künast served as the German Minister for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, known for increasing consumer protection, supporting organic farming, and expanding animal welfare.

Until early 2005, Dunedin was the home of Nielsen Media Research's production operations.

Until 2005 it was the home of Dean Foods ' Horizon Organic dairy.

Until August 2005, the golf pro at Loma Linda was Benny Pell.

Until 2005, Lebanon was home to one of the last drive-in movie theaters in Oregon.

Until January 1, 2007 Slangerup was also a municipality covering an area of 46 km², and with a total population of 9, 237 ( 2005 ).

Until January 1, 2007, Brovst was also a municipality ( Danish, kommune ) covering an area of 223 km², and having a total population of 8, 340 ( 2005 ).

Until January 1, 2007 Støvring was also a municipality covering an area of 220 km², and with a total population of 13, 057 ( 2005 ).

Until January 1, 2007 Sundeved () was also the name of a municipality in the former South Jutland County The municipality covered an area of 69 km², and had a total population of 5, 298 ( 2005 ).

Until January 1, 2007, Stubbekøbing was also a municipality covering an area of 156 km², and with a total population of 6, 786 ( 2005 ).

Until 2005, the Blossom Festival had its own music director.