Until 1858 neither logic nor English had received adequate attention in Aberdeen, and Bain devoted himself to supplying these deficiencies.

Until 1858, the Governor-General was selected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company, to whom he was responsible.

Until an Act of Parliament in 1858 mandated private executions, seven hangings were held in public outside the gaol walls with the first occurring in November 1840 while the site was still under construction.

Until 1858, Subedars wore two epaulettes with small bullion fringes on each shoulder.

Until 1858, Merritton was named Welland City, but exchanged names that year with Merrittsville ( Today's Welland City ), when that town became the " seat " of Welland county.

Until a few weeks ago, however, Arnold Palmer was some god-like creature who had nothing in common with the duffers.

Until recently, however, the musician / composer rarely had the capability of real-time modification of program code itself.

Until recently, however, Chagas disease was considered a contraindication for the procedure, since the heart damage could recur as the parasite was expected to seize the opportunity provided by the immunosuppression that follows surgery.

Until the 18th century, however, no theoretical basis for soil design had been developed and the discipline was more of an art than a science, relying on past experience.

Until 1945, however, the labour movement remained weak, impeded by lack of legal rights, anti-union legislation, management-organized factory councils, and political divisions between “ cooperative ” and radical unionists.

Until about 400 years ago, however, motion was explained from a very different point of view.

Until recently electrical energy has not been converted and stored on a major scale, however new efforts to that effect began in the 21st century.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, time was believed to be independent of motion, progressing at a fixed rate in all reference frames ; however, later experiments revealed that time slows at higher speeds of the reference frame relative to another reference frame.

A brief reunion occurred, however, later that year for " Sax and Violins ," an original single that appeared on the soundtrack to Wim Wenders ' Until the End of the World.

Until the early 20th century, the chief ancient buildings at Sparta were the theatre, of which, however, little showed above ground except portions of the retaining walls ; the so-called Tomb of Leonidas, a quadrangular building, perhaps a temple, constructed of immense blocks of stone and containing two chambers ; the foundation of an ancient bridge over the Eurotas ; the ruins of a circular structure ; some remains of late Roman fortifications ; several brick buildings and mosaic pavements.

Until the 1224 AD / CE, however, there remained a strong Muslim segment of society.

Until the early 2000s when its economy was tied to the steel industry, Sydney had been overlooked as a tourist destination, with the more centrally located scenic village of Baddeck being a preferred location for tourists transiting the Cabot Trail, however Sydney has recently witnessed a revival as a result of significant government investment in cruise ship facilities and a waterfront revitalization plan which has seen a boardwalk and marinas constructed, and the world's largest fiddle.

Until the 1980s, many of Austria's largest industry firms were nationalised ; in recent years, however, privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies.

" Until Carmen, however, Bizet was not essentially an innovator in the musical theatre.

Until the recession of the 1990s, however, Bermuda continued to rely on large scale immigration of temporary Portuguese workers who laboured at jobs Bermudians considered unworthy ( notably, anything to do with agriculture or horticulture ).

Until a few decades ago, Abruzzo was a region of poverty in Southern Italy ; over the past decades, however, it has developed to such an extent that it has escaped from the spiral of underdevelopment to become the ' first ' region of the ' Italian Mezzogiorno '.

At the time, however, Tromsø IL was fighting in the bottom of the Northern Norwegian 2nd division ( Until 1979, the 2nd division was divided in three different groups, two southern and one northern – with the winners of the southern groups being promoted to the top division, while the winner of the northern group would have to face the 2nd placed teams of the two southern groups ), and was eventually relegated.

Until the day of his death, however, he remained firmly entrenched on the Left, and maintaining that the long-term outlooks for humanity were ' bleak '.

Until 1861 Hubbard remained a country-crossroads with relatively few houses or inhabitants ; however, when the coal fields began to develop, the corners rapidly became a village.

Until 2005, the Home Secretary was the minister responsible for prisons and probation, however that was transferred to the newly-created Ministry of Justice.

Until 1924, the government continued to pay stipends to Manchu bannermen ; however, many cut their links with their banners and took on Han-style names in shame and to avoid persecution.

Until 1905, skeleton was practiced mainly in Switzerland ; however, in 1905, Styria held its first skeleton competition in Mürzzuschlag.

Until the 1960s and 70s, however, most musical scholars in the United States continued to study European music, limiting themselves only to certain fields of American music, especially European-derived classical and operatic styles, and sometimes African American jazz.

Until 1953 771 metres of tunnels were built, however after the death of Joseph Stalin and the start of a period of détente, all works were halted under the pretext of technical difficulties.

Until Moscow resumed nuclear testing last September 1, the US and UK had released more than twice as much radiation into the atmosphere as the Russians, and the fallout from the earlier blasts is still coming down.

Until better records have been kept over longer periods of time and much more is known about the maximum dimensions, it will be wise to refrain from drawing conclusions.

Until then much of the Roman world outside of Italy supported Pompey and his allies due to the extensive list of clients he held in all corners of the Republic.

Until the very early twentieth century, men living in the southern Appalachians would drive their pigs to market in the flatlands below each Autumn, fattening up their stock on chestnuts and fallen mast, much as their Scottish forebears did for centuries.

Until very recently, much of what has been documented about women's sexuality has been written by men, in the context of male understanding, and relevant to women's associations to men — as their wives, daughters, or mothers, for example.

Until the early 20th century, formal writing and even much poetry and fiction was done in Literary Chinese, which was modelled on the classics of the Warring States period and Han Dynasty.

Until the 1800s, museums paid as much as $ 100 for bones or hides.

Until release 2. 0 in April 1992, OS / 2 ran in 16-bit protected mode and therefore could not benefit from the Intel 80386's much simpler 32-bit flat memory model and virtual 8086 mode features.

Until 2006, Togo was very much a minor force in world football, but like fellow West African nations such as Senegal, Nigeria and Cameroon before them, the Togolese national team finally qualified for the World Cup.

Until the 1950s, almost all yachts were made of wood or steel, but a much wider range of materials is used today.

Until the US invasion in 2003, Iraq was cut off from much of the world.

Until the early 1950s Auger transitions were considered nuisance effects by spectroscopists, not containing much relevant material information, but studied so as to explain anomalies in x-ray spectroscopy data.

Until recently much of the remaining internal crew space is taken up by a hydraulically powered conveyor system designed to allow the quick uploading of rounds or transfer of rounds to the M109-series howitzer.

Until late 1990s, CPU s in desktop computers did not have much support for multithreading, although threads were still used on such computers because switching between threads was generally still quicker than full process context switches.

Until the war with the Soviet Union was finished, Hitler was reluctant to have a war with the United States, and insisted upon avoiding " incidents " with the U. S. Navy as much as possible, whereas Raeder was all for a war with the United States.

Until locks were installed to raise the level in the 1800s, the river was much shallower within the city most of the time, and consisted of a small channel of continuous flow bordered by sandy banks ( depicted in many illustrations of the period ).

Until this age, pups risk hypothermia and drowning if they spend too much time in the ocean.

Until at least 1631 Denis's career was closely linked to that of his older cousin, Ennemond ; so much that contemporary writers referred to either composer by surname only, making no attempt to distinguish between them.

Until the early 19th century, one observer, a British veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, Major John Mitchell thought that it seemed nothing much had changed from the application of force on a battlefield since the days of the Greeks.

Until the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of Chesapeake was either suburban or rural, serving as a bedroom community of the adjacent cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach with residents commuting to these locations.

Until 1968, much of the inland southeastern corner of New South Wales was rugged forest terrain known as the Wallagaraugh Wilderness, and was vacant crown land.

Until the construction of the first iron bridge ( 1898 ) the towns of Douds and Portland saw much rivalry.

to the 1980s, Until 1950 the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad provided both passenger and freight service from Annapolis to Baltimore ; passenger service ended in February 1950 due to increased competition from buses and private automobiles, but freight service continued until Hurricane Agnes did so much damage to a trestle crossing the Severn River in Annapolis that the trestle was condemned for use by trains by the Army Corps of Engineers in the late 1960s ( The trestle remained as a haven for fishermen and crabbers until it was dismantled ).

Until then, Standard bought and stored as much northwest Ohio crude as was possible to maintain their monopoly.