Until about the 1940s, persons living in these villages depended upon rain-fed agriculture for their livelihood.

Until the 1940s, most think tanks were known only by the name of the institution.

Until the 1940s sign language skills were passed on unofficially between deaf people often living in residential institutions.

Until this time his lectures had been carried out under the auspices of the Political Education Movement ( PNM ) a branch of the Teachers Education and Cultural Association, a group which had been founded in the 1940s as an alternative to the official teachers ’ union.

Until the advent of vinyl around the 1940s, most gramophone records were pressed from shellac compounds.

Until the late 1940s, she was one of American cinema's most celebrated leading ladies, known for her forceful and intense style.

Until the 1940s, the traditional lifestyle and traditional ceremonies and religious beliefs were practiced.

Until the 1940s, most area peach farming had been done on a small-scale family basis.

Until the 1940s Killeen remained a relatively small and isolated farm trade center, but this changed drastically after 1942, when Camp Hood ( re-commissioned as Fort Hood in 1950 ) was created as a military training post to meet the demands of the Second World War.

Until the development of synthetic immersion oil in the 1940s, cedar oil was widely used for the oil immersion objective in light microscopy.

Until the 1940s, NHK was a national radio broadcasting monopoly.

Until the late 1940s, in more than 10 universities in systematically teach geography, in which economic geography British staples, as a representative of the statistical records school effect is extensive.

Until the late 1940s, Glenageary, like much of the south County Dublin, consisted mostly of large manor estates-each comprising a large house, some woodland and cultivated or landscaped fields.

Until the 1940s, the governor was allowed to serve unlimited terms ; since that time, governors have been limited to two consecutive terms.

Until the late 1940s, most motive power on the PGE was provided by steam locomotives.

Until the 1940s, many rural areas of Scotland outwith the Central Belt had little or no electricity supply.

Until the early 1940s IRE was a relatively small engineering organization, but the growing importance of electrical communications and the emergence of the discipline of electronics in the 1940s have increased its appeal to practitioners.

Until the 1940s they were also seated at Haigh Hall, Lancashire.

Until the 1940s, the disease was considered benign, and serious complications were thought to be very rare.

Until the 1940s, the economy of the valley was based largely on ranching.

Until the 1940s they had a certain working-class chic, but by the 1950s and 60s they were quick stops for busy shoppers where one could get a cup of tea and a snack or a cheap and filling meal.

Until the 1940s, Diadema was constituted by four neighborhoods belonging to São Bernardo do Campo: Piraporinha, Eldorado, Taboão e Vila Conceição.

Until the late 1940s, the prominent literary language in Japan was Classical Japanese language ( 文語 " Bungo "), which is based on the language spoken in Heian Period ( Late Old Japanese ) and is different from contemporary Japanese language in grammar and some vocabulary.

Until the advent of rational empiricism the controlling habits of the western mind were symbolic and allegoric.

Until the Charter of Liberties was issued in the fall of 1958, there were no guarantees of the right to assemble or to organize for political purposes.

Until that first dedication service, he and Lois felt their children were too young to take part in any religious life at home.

Until then, foreign-language films were honored with the Special Achievement Award.

Until May 2009, the only successful published attacks against the full AES were side-channel attacks on some specific implementations.

Until the mid-20th century, anchors for smaller vessels were either scaled-down versions of admiralty anchors, or simple grapnels.

Until the advent of the NICAM and MTS systems, television sound transmissions were invariably monophonic.

Until the end of the 18th Century, bridges were made out of timber, stone and masonry.

Until the mid 19th century most boats were of all natural materials ; primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used.

Until the 19th century the majority of battles were of short duration, many lasting a part of a day.

Until the advent of artillery and aircraft, battles were fought with the two sides within sight, if not reach, of each other.

Until 1928 all notes were " White Notes ", printed in black and with a blank reverse.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks in Britain were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation.

Until May 2009, the morning business updates on BBC Breakfast and on the BBC News Channel were broadcast from one of the London Stock Exchange's studios in central London.

Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes, were regarded as just theoretical curiosities ; but the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until June 2007, plague was one of the three epidemic diseases specifically reportable to the World Health Organization ( the two other ones were cholera and yellow fever ).

Until 2003 the Lower Houses were restricted to upper year students but with the double cohort of graduates from Ontario schools many of the rooms were transformed into doubles and now hold first years.

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.