The Venetian governmental structure was similar in some ways to the republican system of ancient Rome, with an elected chief executive ( the Doge ), a senate-like assembly of nobles, and a mass of citizens with limited political power, who originally had the power to grant or withhold their approval of each newly elected Doge.

The name Zanni ( as well as Zuan ) is a Venetian variant of the name Gianni and is common in the Lombard-Venetian countryside which provided most of the servants to the wealthy nobles and merchants of Venice.

The city was governed by two Venetian nobles, a podestà for civil and a captain for military affairs.

* The " Scrigno " Room: the Venetian nobility as a caste came into existence because of the “ closure ” of admissions to the Great Council in 1297 ; however, it was only in the 16th century that formal measures were taken to introduce restrictions that protected the status of that aristocracy: marriages between nobles and commoners were forbidden and greater controls were set up to check the validity of aristocratic titles.

The Báthory family belonged to the Gutkeled, a clan of Hungarian nobles, which traced its descent to the Swabian brothers Gut and Kelad, who immigrated into Hungary from the castle Stof ( probably Staufen im Breisgau or Hohenstaufen in Württemberg ) during the reign of King Peter ( reigned 1038 – 1046 ), who himself was partly of Venetian descent.

The Milanese nobles forced Filippo to resume hostilities against the Venetians, and thus to attempt the recovery of Brescia, but he was defeated in the battle of Maclodio ( 1427 ), near Brescia, by general Carmagnola, commander of the Venetian mercenary army.

Ca ' Foscari is a typical example of the residence of the Venetian nobles and merchants.

The main town's historic sites include the central Romanesque-Gothic Cathedral of St Mark ( built from 1301 to 1806 ), the 15th-century Franciscan monastery with a beautiful Venetian Gothic cloister, the civic council chambers, the palace of the former Venetian governors, grand 15th and 16th century palaces of the local merchant nobles, and the massive city fortifications.

He is known best for his oil portraits of Venetian nobles of state.

At first Venetian merchants were willing to pay an annual tribute to keep their shipping safe from the infamous Neretvian pirates of the Dalmatian coast.

In September 1536, he wrote to Filippo Strozzi, his patron, to help him find a Venetian printer willing to print a book of his liturgical music similar to the ones being in printed in Rome by Andrea Antico ; he wanted the sum of 200 scudi for the job, but was unsuccessful.

Francesco, in his capacity of Captain General of the Venetian armies, was often required to go to Venice for conferences which left Isabella in Mantua on her own at La Reggia the ancient palace which was the family seat of the Gonzagas.

In 1573, for instance, a Venetian visitor to the Ottoman Empire observed that many of the Turkish natives of Constantinople regularly drink a " certain black water made with opium " that makes them feel good, but to which they become so addicted that if they try to go without they will " quickly die.

The Venetian composer Domenico Cimarosa went to hear her and wanted her to go on stage.

The exarchate, as well as the Duchy of Rome, was ravaged and Ravenna fell to the Lombards ; Eutychius was forced to go to the Venetian islands.

But, one condition was made: Naxos could only go to a Venetian after Sanudo's death.

The Catalan Company seized control of Athens, and with it Aegina, in 1317, and in 1425 the island came under Venetian control, when Alioto Caopena, at that time ruler of Aegina, placed himself with treaty under the Republic's protection in order to escape the danger of a Turkish raid.

The original Arabic name of Crete was Iqrīṭiš ( < ( της ) Κρήτης ), but after the Emirate of Crete's establishment of its new capital at ربض الخندق Rabḍ al-ḫandaq ( modern Iraklion ), both the city and the island became known as Χάνδαξ ( Khandhax ) or Χάνδακας ( Khandhakas ), which gave Latin and Venetian Candia, from which French Candie and English Candy or Candia.

His tomb is just inside the entrance of the Venetian island cemetery of San Michele.

The name Madageiscar was first recorded in the memoirs of 13th-century Venetian explorer Marco Polo as a corrupted form of the name Mogadishu, the Somali port with which Polo had confused the island.

Genoese admiral Lamba D ' Oria overwhelmed a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Curzola near the island of Korčula, and Polo was taken prisoner.

The method of making mirrors out of plate glass was invented by 16th-century Venetian glassmakers on the island of Murano, who covered the back of the glass with mercury, obtaining near-perfect and undistorted reflection.

By order of the Duke, Othello leaves Venice to command the Venetian armies against invading Turks on the island of Cyprus, accompanied by his new wife, his new lieutenant Cassio, his ensign Iago, and Emilia as Desdemona's attendant.

Clement IX worked to strengthen Venetian defences against the Turks on the island of Crete.

Carnival has been celebrated on the island of Cyprus for centuries, and the tradition is believed to have been established under Venetian rule around the 16th century.

During Venetian rule in the early 16th century, a monastery was built on the islet and a leprosarium established later in the century, after which the island was named.

Throughout the island numerous monasteries and other buildings of Venetian erection are to be found, of which the best known are Paleokastritsa, San Salvador and Peleka.

The effectiveness of the powerful Venetian fortifications of the island as well as the strength of some old Byzantine fortifications in Angelokastro, Kassiopi, Gardiki and others, was another strong factor that enabled Corfu to remain the last bastion of free, uninterrupted Greek Christian civilization in the southern Balkans after the fall of Constantinople.

From 1386 to 1797, Corfu was ruled by Venetian nobility ; much of the city reflects this era when the island belonged to the Republic of Venice, with multi-storied buildings on narrow lanes.

During Venetian rule, the Corfiotes developed a fervent appreciation of Italian opera, which was the real source of the extraordinary ( given the conditions in the mainland of Greece ) musical development of the island during that era.

The island's way of life absorbed Venetian influence in a variety of ways ; its local cuisine, for example, took in such elements and today's Corfiot cooking maintains some of these Venetian delicacies and recipes: " Pastitsada ", deriving from the Venetian " Pastissada " ( Italian: " Spezzatino ") and is the most popular dish in the island of Corfu, " Sofrito ", " Strapatsada ", " Savoro ", " Bianco " and " Mandolato ".

In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, with a Latin Emperor under the influence of the Venetians established at Constantinople, the Venetian Marco Sanudo conquered the island and soon captured the rest of the islands of the Cyclades, establishing himself as Duke of Naxia, or Duke of the Archipelago.

Under Venetian rule the island was called by its Italian name: Nasso.

On 12 July 1470, during the Ottoman – Venetian War of 1463 – 1479 and after a protracted and bloody siege, the well-fortified city of Negropont ( Chalkis ) was wrested from Venice by Mehmed II and the whole island fell into the hands of the Ottoman Empire.

The island then fell under Venetian control.

Dictionaries list a number of possible origins for the originally Italian term, including " gheto " or " ghet ", which means slag or waste in Venetian, and was used in this sense in a reference to a foundry where slag was stored located on the same island as the area of Jewish confinement ( the Venetian Ghetto ), and borghetto, diminutive of borgo ‘ borough ’.

First, the Ottoman navy recaptured the island of Chios after defeating the Venetian Fleet twice, in the Battle of the Oinousses Islands ( 1695 ) and in the Battle of Chios ( 1695 ), in February 1695 .< ref name =" kultur1 ">

Trevelyan's Manin And The Venetian Revolution Of 1848, his last major volume on an Italian theme, was written in a minor key.

The complexities of Venetian politics eluded him, but the story of the revolution itself is told in restrained measures, with no superfluous passages and only an occasional overemphasis of the part played by its leading figure.

It was hit by a shell fired by the bombarding Venetian army and the great central portion of the temple was blown to smithereens.

For the remainder of the movie, Chancellor Neitzbohr proceeds to lash the piano stool with a slat from a Venetian blind that used to hang in the pre-war Reichstag.

As we find out at the end, it is not the stool ( symbolizing Doris, therefore the English ) that he is punishing but the piece of Venetian blind.

Cady snapped the Venetian blind shut and slammed himself down before the typewriter, rolled in a fresh sheet, and gave his letter the same savage attention he bestowed on a salesman who needed to have the bucket taken off his thick head.

At the peak of its efficiency in the early 16th century, the Venetian Arsenal employed some 16, 000 people who apparently were able to produce nearly one ship each day, and could fit out, arm, and provision a newly-built galley with standardized parts on an assembly-line basis not seen again until the Industrial Revolution.

* Adrian Willaert ( c. 1490 – 1562 ), Flemish composer of the Renaissance and founder of the Venetian School

* 1499 – First engagement of the Battle of Zonchio between Venetian and Ottoman fleets.

* 1609 – Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.

His arrival was celebrated by a massacre of 80, 000 Latins in Constantinople, especially the Venetian merchants, which he made no attempt to stop.

A Venetian embassy visited Constantinople in 1184 and an agreement was reached that compensation of 1, 500 gold pieces would be paid for the losses incurred in 1171.

Antonio Canova was born in Possagno, a village of the Republic of Venice situated amid the recesses of the hills of Asolo, where these form the last undulations of the Venetian Alps, as they subside into the plains of Treviso.

Before his departure for Rome, his friends had applied to the Venetian senate for a pension, to enable him to pursue his studies without embarrassment.

Canova had obtained letters of introduction to the Venetian ambassador, the Cavaliere Zulian, and enlightened and generous protector of the arts, and was received in the most hospitable manner.

Canova's next undertaking was a monument in honor of Clement XIV ; but before he proceeded with it he deemed it necessary to request permission from the Venetian senate, whose servant he considered himself to be, in consideration of the pension.

Besides the two for the Roman Pontiffs already mentioned, there is one for Alfieri, another for Emo, a Venetian admiral, and a small model of a cenotaph for Horatio Nelson, besides a great variety of monumental relieves such as the Stele Tadini in the Chapel of the Accademia Tadini in Lovere.

The Parthenon colonnades, largely destroyed by Venetian bombardment in the 17th century, were restored, with many wrongly assembled columns now properly placed.

Sometime between 1763 and 1764 Salieri suffered the death of both parents and was briefly taken in by an anonymous brother, a monk in Padua, and then for unknown reasons in 1765 or 1766 he became the ward of a Venetian nobleman named Giovanni Mocenigo ( which Giovanni is at this time unknown ), a member of the powerful and well connected Mocenigo family.

* 1522 – Combined forces of Spain and the Papal States defeat a French and Venetian army at the Battle of Bicocca.

The Venetian artist Jacopo de ' Barbari, whom Dürer had met in Venice, visited Nuremberg in 1500, and Dürer said that he learned much about the new developments in perspective, anatomy, and proportion from him.

In 1451, Aegina became Venetian.

The islanders welcomed Venetian rule ; the claims of Antonello ’ s uncle Arnà, who had lands in Argolis, were satisfied by a pension.

A Venetian governor ( rettore ) was appointed, who was dependent on the authorities of Nauplia.