Supporters of a Palestinian right of return argue that refugees, displaced persons, and all their descendants have a right to return and a right to property they left or were forced to leave in what is now Israel and the Palestinian territories ( formerly part of the British Mandate of Palestine ) as result of the 1948 Arab – Israeli War and the 1967 Six-Day war.

Some ISM volunteers object to the use of the term human shield to describe their work because, they argue, in a Palestinian context the expression more usually refers to forced use of captive Palestinians by the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) when searching Palestinian neighborhoods.

They argue that the IDF is far more likely to shoot the darker skinned Palestinian civilians than white western looking activists, given the difference in international response.

In addition Amnesty International argue that in addition to the stated area of West Bank settlements there is a further impact on the Palestinian population as " bypass roads and related infrastructure and discriminatory allocation of other vital resources, including water, have had a devastating impact on the fundamental rights of the local Palestinian population, including their rights to an adequate standard of living, housing, health, education, and work, and freedom of movement within the Occupied Territories.

Many in the Israel camp argue that this proposal carries a lot less weight coming after the Palestinian Authority rejected Ehud Barak's offer at Camp David.

Critics argue that many JNF lands outside the West Bank were illegally confiscated from Palestinian refugees, and that the JNF furthermore should not be involved with lands in the West Bank.

Some nationalists argue that “ the nation was always there, indeed it is part of the natural order, even when it was submerged in the hearts of its members .” In keeping with this philosophy, Al-Quds University states that although “ Palestine was conquered in times past by ancient Egyptians, Hittites, Philistines, Israel, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Romans, Muslim Arabs, Mamlukes, Ottomans, the British, the Zionists … the population remained constant-and is now still Palestinian .”

Critics of post-Zionism known as neo-Zionists argue that it undermines the Zionist narrative in its competition with other narratives, mainly the Palestinian one.

Many nationalist movements, such as the French National Front, Austrian Freedom Party, or the Italian Lego Nord are opposed to globalization, but argue that the alternative to globalization is the protection of the nation-state, sometimes, according to critics, in explicitly racist or fascist terms.

In the United States, public school teacher unions, most notably the National Education Association ( the largest labor union in the USA ), argue against the idea of school vouchers for concern that it would erode educational standards and reduce funding, and that giving money to parents who choose to send their child to a religious or other school is unconstitutional ; however, the latter issue has been struck down by the Supreme Court case Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, which upheld Ohio's voucher plan in a 5-4 ruling.

Some left-wing groups in the developing world, such as the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Mexico, the Abahlali baseMjondolo in South Africa, and the Naxalites in India, argue that the First-World left takes a racist and paternalistic attitude towards liberation movements in the Third-World.

This was clearly demonstrated when-although some argue it was influenced by general public dillusionment with Labour-the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) became the largest party in the Scottish Parliament by one seat.

Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research argue in the article that this drought response, coupled with the effects of deforestation on regional climate, are pushing the rainforest towards a " tipping point " where it would irreversibly start to die.

Focusing largely on US support for the Latin American " National Security States ," Chomsky and Edward S. Herman argue that U. S. corporations support ( and in many instances create ) fascist ( or " sub " and " neo "- fascist ) terror states in order to create a favorable investment climate.

Supporters of the use of animals in experiments, such as the British Royal Society, argue that virtually every medical achievement in the 20th century relied on the use of animals in some way, with the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences arguing that even sophisticated computers are unable to model interactions between molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and the environment, making animal research necessary in many areas.

It was commonly believed that Raeburn was less successful in painting female portraits, but the exquisite full-length of his wife, the smaller likeness of Mrs R. Scott Moncrieff in the National Gallery of Scotland, and that of Mrs Robert Bell, and others, argue against this.

Researchers at Yale University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ), applying modern engineering design tools to one of the basic units of life, argue that artificial cells could be built that not only replicate the electrical behavior of electric eel cells but in fact improve on them.

Lutz and Collins in their book Reading National Geographic argue that National Geographic is intimately tied to the American establishment and " cultivates ties to government officials and corporate interests ".

The Institute's publications argue that fascism and National Socialism ( Nazism ) are branches of socialist political philosophy.

As CSAs currently only serve a very small population in the U. S. ( National Research Council, 2010 ), some people argue that the benefits of CSAs do not cover a broad population of people, especially lower socioeconomic groups ( Cone & Myhre, 2000 ).

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, the Southern Baptist Convention, and National Organization for Marriage argue that children do best when raised by a mother and father, and that legalizing same-sex marriage is, therefore, contrary to the best interests of children.

Given this supposition, Evola proceeded to argue that Fascism or National Socialism — with their heroism, their sacrificial and ascetic ethic, their authoritarian and hierarchical order, together with their appeal to myth and ritual — provided an environment compatible with the ' spirit ' of the celestials.

Some critics argue that white nationalists — while posturing as civil rights groups advocating the interests of their racial group — frequently draw on the nativist traditions of the KKK and the British National Front.

Several major challenges to the National Industrial Recovery Act — considered the cornerstone of the New Deal — were reaching the Supreme Court, and Reed was forced to drop the appeals because the Office of the Solicitor General was unprepared to argue them.

Some argue that the growing unpopularity of the National Party state government in Queensland ( Richmond sits across the border from Gold Coast ) influenced federal voting intentions.

While National Labour could not advocate any policy in opposition to the National Government, its members did propound policy suggestions and argue in support of Government policy.

Eden and Molot ( 1993 ) argue that there have been three national policies in Canada: the " National Policy " of defensive expansionism, 1867 – 1940 ; compensatory liberalism, 1941 – 81 ; and market liberalism, starting in 1982.

Gun rights organizations like the National Rifle Association and the Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership argue each non-criminal person has a right to self-defense, and the most effective way of doing so is by the individual keeping and bearing of arms.

However, Lazar's supporters argue that there have been other cases where scientists who revealed highly classified information, particularly recently at Los Alamos National Laboratory, have not been charged, and that this was allegedly done to undermine their credibility by questioning the value of the information those individuals claimed.

Despite this, human rights organizations and PCC members argue that some Generals and their subordinates in the Colombian National Army have contributed either indirectly or directly to many of the violent actions of drug lords, paramilitaries and death squads against the PCC.

and has then gone on to argue, with unimpeachable consistency, that all the obviously non-propagandistic aspects of the book are simply inadvertent `` contradictions ''.

I shall first indicate a couple of weaknesses in Fromm's analysis, then argue that, granted these weaknesses, he still has much left that is valuable, and, finally, raise the general question of a philosophical versus a sociological approach to the question of alienation.

Euan MacKie has supported Thom's analysis, to which he added an archaeological context by comparing Neolithic Britain to the Mayan civilization to argue for a stratified society in this period.

Some argue that the openness of the country's political system has been a significant factor in Botswana's stability and economic growth.

By contrast, evidence based on the textual differences between the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text has been used to argue that the context of the MT truly does depict a historical Jeremiah.

Noth thought the History was composed by a single individual, but this idea has been more or less given up and modern scholars argue for multiple authors active over a considerable period, culminating in the mid-6th century.

No one has given a causal explanation, they argue, of why it would not be possible for a functionally equivalent non-conscious organism ( i. e., a philosophical zombie ) to achieve the very same survival advantages as a conscious organism.

Linguists Arnold Zwicky and Geoffrey Pullum argue, however, that the form has the properties of an affix rather than a syntactically independent clitic.

It also has been used to argue that perhaps, Ceawlin did not win the battle and that the chronicler chose not to record the outcome fully – a king does not usually come home " in anger " after taking " many towns and countless war-loot ".

To argue that the cogito is not a syllogism, one may call it self-evident that " Whatever has the property of thinking, exists ".

According to non-Orthodox Jews and critical historians, Jewish law too has been affected by surrounding cultures ( for example, some scholars argue that the establishment of absolute monotheism in Judaism was a reaction against the dualism of Zoroastrianism that Jews encountered when living under Persian rule ; Jews rejected polygamy during the Middle Ages, influenced by their Christian neighbors ).

Critics, such as psychiatrist Niall McLaren, argue that the DSM lacks validity because it has no relation to an agreed scientific model of mental disorder and therefore the decisions taken about its categories ( or even the question of categories versus dimensions ) were not scientific ones ; and that it lacks reliability partly because different diagnoses share many criteria, and what appear to be different criteria are often just rewordings of the same idea, meaning that the decision to allocate one diagnosis or another to a patient is to some extent a matter of personal prejudice.

However, although the number of identified diagnoses has increased by more than 200 % ( from 106 in DSM-I to 365 in DSM-IV-TR ), psychiatrists such as Zimmerman and Spitzer argue it almost entirely represents greater specification of the forms of pathology, thereby allowing better grouping of more similar patients.

The nominalist approach is to argue that certain noun phrases can be " eliminated " by rewriting a sentence in a form that has the same meaning, but does not contain the noun phrase.

Commentators argue that Husserl's notion of noema has nothing to do with Frege's notion of sense, because noemata are necessarily fused with noeses which are the conscious activities of consciousness.

Terms such as diaspora and refugee describe group exile, both voluntary and forced, and government in exile describes a government of a country that has been forced to relocate and argue its legitimacy from outside that country.

For example, if I say “ Star Wars is a shitty movie ,” and my friend says, “ Star Wars is not a shitty movie !” We have no shared reality, for in our language, truth lies in only one of our statements and we can forever argue these truths until one of us writes a book and has more authority than the other.

Some argue it has brought more flexible attitudes towards casting Black and Asian British actors, with Robbie Gee and Naomie Harris take leading roles in Underworld and 28 Days Later respectively.

Two prominent Canadian authors ( both very hostile to the " Chicago School " philosophy ) argue that government at times has to intervene to ensure competition in large and important industries.

Some Muslim scholars argue that the Gospel of Barnabas has been modified, thus inconsistency is observed.

Traditionally Luke has been regarded as written by Luke the Evangelist some time between the " we " passages in Acts 16 onwards and the imprisonment of Paul in Rome in Acts 28, leading as with some modern scholars to argue for a date c. 60-65.

Ruickbie, Hutton, and others further argue that much of what has been published of Gardnerian Wicca, as Gardner's practice came to be known by, was written by Blake, Yeats, Valiente and Crowley and contains borrowings from other identifiable sources.

The ocean ecosystem has likely changed since the prewhaling era, making a return to prewhaling numbers infeasible ; many marine ecologists argue that existing gray whale numbers in the eastern Pacific Ocean are approximately at the population's carrying capacity.

In the Elsinore churchyard, two " clowns ", typically represented as " gravediggers ," enter to prepare Ophelia's grave, and although the coroner has ruled her death accidental so that she may receive Christian burial, they argue that it was a case of suicide.