* The monopoly granted to authors by copyright, as in " The 1996 act provided additional copyright protection ," or " Permission is not granted to use these images, which are protected by copyright.

Permission culture is a term often employed by Lawrence Lessig and other copyright activists to describe a society in which copyright restrictions are pervasive and enforced to the extent that any and all uses of copyrighted works need to be explicitly leased.

Permission culture also refers to the mentality ( assumed to be encouraged by copyright law ) in which people feel that there is a moral obligation to ask for permission before sharing others ' work, or before re-using existing work as part of some new work.

* Permission to do so from the copyright holders

Permission obtained from the copyright holder to release the image into public domain.

* subst: Permission from license selector | The copyright holder gave me permission to use this work only in Wikipedia articles

In copyright law, there is a necessity for little flexibility as to what constitutes authorship.

Copyright law has been amended time and time again since the inception of the law to extend the length of this fixed period where the work is exclusively controlled by the copyright holder.

However, copyright is merely the legal reassurance that one owns his / her work.

The person who inherits the copyright is not the author, but enjoys the same legal benefits.

Due to copyright restrictions, personal and professional photography of memorabilia is not allowed inside of the Holly exhibit.

Generally, it is " the right to copy ", but also gives the copyright holder the right to be credited for the work, to determine who may adapt the work to other forms, who may perform the work, who may financially benefit from it, and other related rights.

Copyright initially was conceived as a way for government to restrict printing ; the contemporary intent of copyright is to promote the creation of new works by giving authors control of and profit from them.

Typically, the duration of copyright is the whole life of the creator plus fifty to a hundred years from the creator's death, or a finite period for anonymous or corporate creations.

Generally, copyright is enforced as a civil matter, though some jurisdictions do apply criminal sanctions.

Some critics claim copyright law protects corporate interests while criminalizing legitimate use, while proponents argue the law is fair and just.

Aside from the role of governments and the church, the history of copyright law is in essential ways also connected to the rise of capitalism and the attendant extension of commodity relations to the realm of creative human activities, such as literary and artistic production.

The most significant point is that under the capitalist mode of production, patent, and copyright laws support in fundamental and thoroughgoing ways the expansion of the range of creative human activities that can be commodified.

As soon as a work is " fixed ", that is, written or recorded on some physical medium, its author is automatically entitled to all copyrights in the work, and to any derivative works unless and until the author explicitly disclaims them, or until the copyright expires.

In many jurisdictions, copyright law makes exceptions to these restrictions when the work is copied for the purpose of commentary or other related uses ( See fair use, fair dealing ).

In Australia and the United Kingdom it has been held that a single word is insufficient to comprise a copyright work.

Copyright law recognises the right of an author based on whether the work actually is an original creation, rather than based on whether it is unique ; two authors may own copyright on two substantially identical works, if it is determined that the duplication was coincidental, and neither was copied from the other.

In all countries where the Berne Convention standards apply, copyright is automatic, and need not be obtained through official registration with any government office.

Once an idea has been reduced to tangible form, for example by securing it in a fixed medium ( such as a drawing, sheet music, photograph, a videotape, or a computer file ), the copyright holder is entitled to enforce his or her exclusive rights.

The original holder of the copyright may be the employer of the author rather than the author himself, if the work is a " work for hire ".

For example, in English law the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 provides that if a copyrighted work is made by an employee in the course of that employment, the copyright is automatically owned by the employer which would be a " Work for Hire.

Fair use is a limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work.

* 1972 – Sound recordings are granted U. S. federal copyright protection for the first time.

Libre licences are licences pertaining to copyright in which the copyright owner has granted the freedoms specified in the definitions of libre software, libre knowledge and libre cultural works.

Patents, copyright, and trademarks are sometimes used as examples of government granted

In this case, the publisher is using their government granted copyright monopoly to price discriminate between ( presumed ) wealthier economics students and ( presumed ) poor economics students.

The more copyright permissions are granted to the general public, the more open the content is.

Alterations during this period included minor changes, such as extending the legal deposit system to cover Sion College and the Faculty of Advocates, but also major ones, including the introduction of a limit on the length of time for which copyright would be granted.

An author who survived until the copyright expired would be granted an additional 14 year term, and when that ran out, the works would enter the public domain.

In 1775 Lord North, who was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, succeeded in passing a bill that reiterated the legal deposit provisions and granted the universities perpetual copyright on their works.

These states included developing countries and the Soviet Union, which thought that the strong copyright protections granted by the Berne Convention overly benefited Western developed copyright-exporting nations, and the United States and most of Latin America.

** Phonorecords are granted U. S. federal copyright protection for the first time.

While the constitution grants Congress power to extend copyright terms in order to " promote the progress of science and useful arts ," CTEA granted precedent to continually renew copyright terms making them virtually perpetual.

A free software license grants users of that software the rights to modify and redistribute the creative works and software, both of which are forbidden by the defaults of copyright, and generally not granted with proprietary software.

Creative licenses from other Vivendi divisions and from companies partnered with Vivendi Universal Games were granted to Sierra, and copyright of several notable intellectual properties such as Crash Bandicoot, Spyro the Dragon, 50 Cent: Bulletproof and Scarface went to Sierra.

After Anka threatened to sue for credit and a share of royalties, the administrators of Jackson's estate granted Anka 50 % of the copyright.

" This clause formed the basis for the U. S. patent and copyright systems, whereby creators of original art and technology would get a government granted monopoly, which after a limited period would become free to all citizens, thereby enriching the public domain.

Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor ( s ) of those copyrights and patent rights.