ms: Osman III

ms: Ahmed II

ms: Abbas II

ms: Abd ar-Rahman II dari Cordoba

ms: Bayezid II

ms: Murad II

ms: Mary II dari England

ms: Moctezuma II

ms: Paus Urban II

ms: Selim II

ms: Louis II dari Hungary

ms: Cambyses II dari Parsi

ms: Charles II dari England

ms: Nebuchadnezzar II

ms: Philip II dari Sepanyol

ms: Frederick II, Maharaja Suci Rom

ms: François II dari Perancis

ms: Henri II dari Perancis

ms: Robert II dari Perancis

The anomalous text, the ms. Chartres, which was even older than Harley, was destroyed in World War II, and it ascribed aurthorship to filius Urbagen ( son of Urien ).

ms: Suleiman II

ms: Back to the Future Part II

ms: Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure

ms: Pepi II Neferkare

ms: Al-Hakam II

He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

In 1618, after a short rule, he was deposed in favour of his young nephew Osman II ( 1618 – 22 ) and was sent back to Kafes.

The conflict between the Janissaries and Osman II presented him with a second chance.

After the assassination of Osman II in 1622 by Janisaries, he was placed back on the throne and held it for another year.

He had the participants in the coup against Osman II executed and believed that Osman II was still alive.

Murad IV feared suffering the fate of his elder brother, Osman II ( 1618 – 22 ), and decided to assert his power.

* 1604 – Osman II, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1622 )

Sultan Osman II or Othman II ( commonly known as Genç Osman – meaning Osman the Young – in Turkish ) ( Ottoman Turkish عثمان ثانى ‘ O < u > s </ u > mān-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( November 3, 1604 – May 20, 1622 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death on 20 May 1622.

Osman II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and his wife Mâh-Firûze Hatice ( Khadija ) Valide Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek.

At a young age his mother paid a lot of attention to his education, as a result of this Osman II was a known poet and had mastered many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, Italian, and the court sign language.

Despite his youth, Osman II soon sought to assert himself as a ruler, and after securing the empire's eastern border by signing a peace treaty ( treaty of Serav ) with Safavid Iran, he personally led the Ottoman invasion of Poland during the Moldavian Magnate Wars.

Forced to sign a peace treaty with the Poles after the Battle of Chotin ( Chocim ) ( which was, in fact, a siege of Chotin defended by the Polish hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz ) in September – October, 1621, Osman II returned home to Istanbul in shame, blaming the cowardice of the Janissaries and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation.

Probably the first Sultan to identify and attempt to tackle the Janissaries as a praetorian institution doing more harm than good to the modern empire, Osman II closed their coffee shops ( the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne ) and started planning to create a new, loyal and ethnic Turkic army consisting of Anatolian, Mesopotamian and Egyptian Turks and Turkmens.

When an executioner was sent to strangle him at Yedikule, Constantinople, Osman II refused to give in and started fighting the man and was only subdued when he was hit on his back with the rear end of an axe by one of his imprisoners.

af: Osman II

az: II Osman

bs: Osman II