He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

These included: Sultan, Khan, Sovereign of the Imperial House of Osman, Sultan of Sultans, Khan of Khans, Commander of the Faithful and Successor of the Prophet of the Lord of the Universe, Protector of the Holy Cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem, Emperor of The Three Cities of Constantinople, Adrianopole and Bursa as well as many other cities and countries.

* 1699 – Osman III, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1757 )

* 1604 – Osman II, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1622 )

During his reign as Sultan, Osman I extended the frontiers of Turkish settlement toward the edge of the Byzantine Empire.

Osman I or Othman I or Osman Gazi ( 1258 – 1326 ) Sultan Osman Ghazi, or Osman Bey or I. Osman, Osman Gazi Han ), nicknamed " Kara " for his courage, was the leader of the Ottoman Turks, and the founder of the dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman Empire.

Osman II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and his wife Mâh-Firûze Hatice ( Khadija ) Valide Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek.

Probably the first Sultan to identify and attempt to tackle the Janissaries as a praetorian institution doing more harm than good to the modern empire, Osman II closed their coffee shops ( the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne ) and started planning to create a new, loyal and ethnic Turkic army consisting of Anatolian, Mesopotamian and Egyptian Turks and Turkmens.

* Osman III, Sultan of Ottaman Empire

The town remained until late Byzantine times an important toll and customs station of the Hellespont, its importance thereafter being transferred to the Dardanelles, after the building of the " Old Castles " by Sultan Mehmet II ( c. 1456 ).

* 1461 – The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmed II.

Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

* 1909 – The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

* 1876 – Ottoman Sultan Murat V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid II.

* 1909 – Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.

He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdülmecid I in 1861.

His parents were Mahmud II and Valide Sultan Pertevniyal (" Partav-Nihal ").

The mausoleum ( türbe ) of Sultan Mehmet II in Divan Yolu street, where Abdülaziz is buried as well

Sarcophagus of Sultan Abdülaziz in the mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud II.

He married sixthly to Yıldız ( Gözde ), sister of HH Safinaz Kadın Efendi, a wife of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and had two children.

The second, named Fatih Sultan Mehmet ( Bosphorus II ) Bridge, is long, and was completed in 1988 about north of the first bridge.

Beyazıt ) was the oldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.

Bayezid II was born in Dimetoka Palace ( now Didymoteicho ) in Thrace as the son of Mehmed II ( 1432 – 81 ) and Valide Sultan Mükrime Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadirids, who died in 1492.

Bethlehem — along with Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Sidon — was briefly ceded to the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem by a treaty between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Ayyubid Sultan al-Kamil in 1229, in return for a ten-year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders.

** Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman, Sultan of Morocco ( d. 1351 )

Osman III or Othman III ( Ottoman Turkish: عثمان ثالث ‘ O < u > s </ u > mān-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( January 2 / 3, 1699 – January 30 / October 30, 1757 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1754 to 1757.

Relations with the Menteri Besar of Johor, Othman Saat deteriorated when the latter questioned Tunku Iskandar's legitimacy to the throne, which led to an incident which saw the Sultan issuing an order to the Menteri Besar to vacate his office within 24 hours, shortly after Sultan Ismail's death, citing reasons for the need for that office space for his own.

In Morocco, Death of the Marinid Sultan Abu Faris II ; succession of his son Abu Said Othman.

There he gives an appraisal of Ivan Gundulic's epic poem the Osman the subject of which is the war between Sultan Othman II and the Poles in 1622, in which the Turks were defeated, soon after which the Sultan was deposed and strangled by the Janizaries, it being the first instance of a Turkish Sultan put to death by his subjects.

In Europe, all Ottoman Emperors were commonly referred to by the title of Sultan, rather than by those of Padishah or Caliph, which had a higher rank than that of Sultan, and were also often informally referred to by such terms unrelated to the Ottoman protocol as the Grand Turk and the Grand Seigneur or Gran Signore.

The Yang di-Pertua Negeri ( literally the " head of state " in Malay ) is the official title of the ceremonial governors of the Malaysian states without hereditary rulers ( commonly " Sultan "), namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak.

It is commonly held that Islam first arrived in Malay peninsular since Sultan Muzaffar Shah I ( 12th century ) of Kedah, the first ruler to be known to convert to Islam after being introduced to it by Indian traders who themselves were recent converts.

In April 1908, the Committee of Union and Progress ( more commonly called the Young Turks ), a political party opposed to the absolute rule of Sultan Abd-ul-Hamid II, led a rebellion against their ruler.

Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Sir Ahmad Tajuddin Akhazul Khairi Waddien ibni Almarhum Sir Sultan Mohammad Jamalul Alam II ( commonly referred to as Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin ), KBE, CMG ( June 4, 1913 – June 4, 1950 ) was the 27th sultan of Brunei from September 11, 1924 until his death.

A surviving inscription Sayf al-Din Abdullah Barshambu erected in Old Dongola and bears the date of 1317, is commonly understood to be the record of a military expedition sent by the Sultan of Egypt to place his nominee Abdullah, perhaps a Muslim Nubian, on the throne.

Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, more commonly known as Summit Road, leads from the top station to the western part of the hill right towards Western Hill and Tiger Hill.

Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan's Mosque (, ), commonly known as the Stockholm Mosque ( Stockholms moské ) or the Stockholm Grand Mosque ( Stockholms stora moské ), is the largest mosque in Stockholm, Sweden.

At the beginning of the Hippodrome I saw the Kaiser's Fountain, an ugly octagonal building with a glass dome, built in 1895 by the German Emperor, and on my left, directly across from it, the tomb of Sultan Ahmet, who constructed the Blue Mosque, more properly known by his name.

Today Ahmed I is remembered mainly for the construction of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque ( also known as the Blue Mosque ), one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture.

George Herman Ruth, Jr. ( February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948 ), best known as " Babe " Ruth and nicknamed " the Bambino " and " the Sultan of Swat ", was an American baseball player who spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) playing for three teams ( 1914 – 1935 ).

Mehmed the Conqueror, the Ottoman sultan living in the 15th century, European sources say “ who was known to have ambivalent sexual tastes, sent a eunuch to the house of Notaras, demanding that he supply his good looking fourteen year old son for the Sultan ’ s pleasure.

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (), and more popularly in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi ( 30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273 ), was a 13th-century after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad ( died 1312 ), favorably known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand master of the order.

Some Kashmiri rulers, such as Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin who was popularly known as Budshah ( بڈشاہ ) ( the King ) ( r. 1423-1474 ), were tolerant of all religions in a manner comparable to Akbar.

Murad IV Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد رابع Murād-i rābi ‘) < span dir =" ltr ">( July 26 / 27, 1612 – February 9, 1640 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.

Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and the ethnic Greek Valide Sultan Kösem Sultan ( also known as Mahpeyker ), originally named Anastasia.

route, known as the Sultan Report after its author, the US army engineer Col. Daniel Sultan.

In the Muscat area, this highway is known as Sultan Qaboos Street, and it is the trunk road running through the city.

Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (, Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb, Kurdish: سه ‌ لاحه ‌ دین ئه ‌ یوبی, Selah ' edînê Eyubî ) ( 1137 / 1138 – March 4, 1193 ), better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty .< ref name =" Minorsky "> A number of contemporary sources make note of this.

While Sultan Suleiman was known as " the Magnificent " in the West, he was always Kanuni Suleiman or " The Lawgiver " to his own Ottoman subjects.

Selim II ( Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثانى Selīm-i < u > s </ u > ānī, Turkish: II. Selim ; 28 May 1524 – 12 December / 15 December 1574 ), also known as " Selim the Sot ( Mest )" or " Selim the Drunkard "; and as " Sarı Selim " or " Selim the Blond ", was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death in 1574.

While he was encamped in Baghdad, Sultan Murad IV is known to have met the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan's ambassadors: Mir Zarif and Mir Baraka, who presented 1000 pieces of finely embroidered cloth and even armor.

While debating, a well known Pakistani nuclear physicist Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy and Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood had an acrimonious public debate in 1988 at the University of Islamabad's Physics Hall.

Tipu Sultan ( November 1750, Devanahalli – 4 May 1799, Seringapatam ), also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the ruler of the Sultanate of Mysore.

Because Yunus Emre is, after Ahmet Yesevi and Sultan Walad, one of the first known poets to have composed works in the spoken Turkish of his own age and region rather than in Persian or Arabic, his diction remains very close to the popular speech of his contemporaries in Central and Western Anatolia.

The Sultan of Zanzibar controlled a substantial portion of the East African coast, known as Zanj ; this included Mombasa, Dar es Salaam, and trading routes that extended much further inland, such as the route leading to Kindu on the Congo River.

* Constantinople's Sultan Ahmed Mosque ( also known as the Blue Mosque ) is completed during the rule of Ahmed I.