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where μ is the magnetic permeability, ε is the electric permittivity and σ is the electrical conductivity of the material the wave is travelling through.
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where and μ
where μ < sub > i </ sub > is the chemical potential per particle for an i-type particle, and N < sub > i </ sub > is the number of such particles.
where the index i denotes the ith species, c is the concentration ( mol / m < sup > 3 </ sub >), R is the universal gas constant ( J /( K mol )), T is the absolute temperature ( K ), and μ is the chemical potential ( J / mol ).
where μ < sub > 4 </ sub > is the fourth moment about the mean and σ is the standard deviation.
where μ is the location parameter, θ represents additional parameters, and is a function of the additional parameters.
where μ is the Möbius function and the sums extend over all positive divisors d of n. In effect, the original f ( n ) can be determined given g ( n ) by using the inversion formula.
The theorem follows because * is ( commutative and ) associative, and 1 * μ = i, where i is the identity function for the Dirichlet convolution, taking values i ( 1 )= 1, i ( n )= 0 for all n > 1.
If μ is not a positive measure, then N is μ-null if N is | μ |- null, where | μ | is the total variation of μ ; equivalently, if every measurable subset A of N satisfies μ ( A )
where a sum over μ is performed according to the rules of Einstein notation.
where μ < sub > 3 </ sub > is the third moment about the mean μ, σ is the standard deviation, and E is the expectation operator.
The positive integer n is square-free if and only if μ ( n ) ≠ 0, where μ denotes the Möbius function.
The throughput can be analyzed mathematically by means of queueing theory, where the load in packets per time unit is denoted arrival rate λ, and the throughput in packets per time unit is denoted departure rate μ.
where μ < sub > α </ sub > and μ < sub > δ </ sub > are the components of proper motion in the R. A. and Declination, respectively, and δ is the Declination.
where the linear density μ is the mass per unit length of the string.
where μ < sub > i </ sub > is the chemical potential for the i-th component in the system.
where a is the semi-major axis, P is the orbital period, and μ is the geocentric gravitational constant, equal to approximately 398600. 4418 km < sup > 3 </ sup >/ s < sup > 2 </ sup >.
In this case the solutions are elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves with phase velocities ( where μ is the magnetic permeability ).
where μ = 255 ( 8 bits ) in the North American and Japanese standards.
where λ ' is the critical failure rate ( λ without the tick is the total failure rate ) and μ ' is the critical repair rate ( rate at which critical failures are repaired ).
where and is
But California is where we're goin ''.
He thought of the jungles below him, and of the wild, strange, untracked beauty there and he promised himself that someday he would return, on foot perhaps, to hunt in this last corner of the world where man is sometimes himself the hunted, and animals the lords.
Now I wish to enter the American market, where the competition is very strong.
from downstream, where the water level is much lower, it is a high, elaborately facaded pavilion.
The answers derived by these means may determine not only the temporal organization of the dance but also its spatial design, special slips designating the location on the stage where the movement is to be performed.
Even in domains where detailed and predictive understanding is still lacking, but where some explanations are possible, as with lightning and weather and earthquakes, the appropriate kind of human action has been more adequately indicated.
Robert Penn Warren puts it this way in `` Brother To Dragons '': `` The recognition of complicity is the beginning of innocence '', where innocence, I think, means about the same thing as redemption.
A dominant motive is the poet's longing for his homeland and its boyhood associations: `` Not men-folk, but the fields where I would stray, The stones where as a child I used to play ''.
In a society where everything is for sale, Marlowe is the only man who cannot be bought.
This is done for simplicity of commands and to bring the hidden redundancy up to where misunderstanding has almost zero possibility.
As to benefits to employees, it is notorious for its callous disregard except where it depends on them for services.
`` The Moral Creed '' and `` The Will To Risk '' live happily together, if we do not examine where the line is to be drawn.
Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.
Ptolemy's problem is to forecast where, against the inverted bowl of night, some particular light will be found at future times.
She was exposing herself to temptation which it is best to avoid where it can consistently be done.
Such performance is a great tribute to American scientists and engineers, who in the past five years have had to telescope time and technology to develop these long-range ballistic missiles, where America had none before.
but it is perennially restructured in situations where anchors are dragged or lost.
`` History has this in common with every other science: that the historian is not allowed to claim any single piece of knowledge, except where he can justify his claim by exhibiting to himself in the first place, and secondly to any one else who is both able and willing to follow his demonstration, the grounds upon which it is based.
Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.
where and magnetic
This involves the application of a strong magnetic field to the radical vapor, which shifts the low-frequency spectra to a conveniently high microwave range, where they may be measured with optimum sensitivity.
One technique used to reach very low temperatures ( thousandths and even millionths of a degree above absolute zero ) is adiabatic demagnetisation, where the change in magnetic field on a magnetic material is used to provide adiabatic cooling.
The tangent galvanometer was used to measure currents using this effect, where the restoring force returning the pointer to the zero position was provided by the Earth's magnetic field.
It uses magnetic deflection, where current passing through a coil causes the coil to move in a magnetic field.
For instance, Cooper pairs have been observed in ultracold gases of Fermions where a homogeneous magnetic field has been tuned to their Feshbach resonance.
Quantum oscillations is another experimental technique where high magnetic fields are used to study material properties such as the geometry of the fermi surface.
The quantum hall effect is another example of measurements with high magnetic fields where topological properties such as Chern-Simons angle can be measured experimentally.
Both are important in the analysis of stress for a polarized dielectric solid under the action of an electric field, materials where the molecular structure is taken into consideration ( e. g. bones ), solids under the action of an external magnetic field, and the dislocation theory of metals.
It belongs to the so-called plane chart model, where observed latitudes and magnetic directions are plotted directly into the plane, with a constant scale, as if the Earth were a plane ( Portuguese National Archives of Torre do Tombo, Lisbon ).
The solar cycle spans approximately 11 years, from solar minimum to solar maximum, where the solar magnetic field is continually wound up ( due to a differential rotation at the solar equator ; the equator rotates quicker than the poles ).
Sunspot activity will be more pronounced at solar maximum where the magnetic field is twisted to a maximum.
In fact, the sum of the magnetic pressure and plasma pressure must be constant everywhere on the heliosphere in order to have an equilibrium configuration: where the magnetic field is higher, the plasma must be cooler or less dense.
These are wide zones of the Sun where the magnetic field is unipolar and opens towards the interplanetary space.
The Curie temperature itself is a critical point, where the magnetic susceptibility is theoretically infinite and, although there is no net magnetization, domain-like spin correlations fluctuate at all length scales.
where I is the current across the plate length, B is the magnetic field, d is the depth ( thickness ) of the plate, e is the elementary charge, and n is the charge carrier density of the carrier electrons.
A large potential is established between the end of the thruster where neutral propellant is fed and the part where electrons are produced, so electrons trapped in the magnetic field cannot drop to the lower potential.
At the magnetic dip equator, where the geomagnetic field is horizontal, this electric field results in an enhanced eastward current flow within ± 3 degrees of the magnetic equator, known as the equatorial electrojet.
An MRI scanner is a device in which the patient lies within a large, powerful magnet where the magnetic field is used to align the magnetization of some atomic nuclei in the body, and radio frequency fields to systematically alter the alignment of this magnetization.
One is the MPEG transport stream, designed to carry digital video and audio over possibly lossy media, where the beginning and the end of the stream may not be identified, such as broadcasting or magnetic tape, examples of which include ATSC / DVB / ISDB / SBTVD broadcasting, and HDV recording on tape.
The magnetopause is where the pressure from the solar wind and the planet's magnetic field are equal.
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