Some of the earliest recordings, made in the 1940's demonstrated that psychiatrists reacted immediately to anger and anxiety in the sound track, whereas written records of the same interview offered far fewer cues to therapy which -- if they were at all discernible in print -- were picked up only by the most skilled and sensitive experts.

For example, if a colloid consists of a solid phase dispersed in a liquid, the solid particles will not diffuse through a membrane, whereas with a true solution the dissolved ions or molecules will diffuse through a membrane.

Classical physics draws a distinction between particles and energy, holding that only the latter exhibit waveform characteristics, whereas quantum mechanics is based on the observation that matter has both wave and particle aspects and postulates that the state of every subatomic particle can be described by a wavefunction — a mathematical expression used to calculate the probability that the particle, if measured, will be in a given location or state of motion.

Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer.

If is an outward pointing in-plane normal, whereas is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane ( see caption at right ), then the orientation of C is chosen so that a tangent vector to C is positively oriented if and only if forms a positively oriented basis for R < sup > 3 </ sup > ( right-hand rule ).

If a second compression test is performed shortly thereafter, and the new reading is much higher, it would be the ring seal that is problematic, whereas if the compression test pressure observed remains low, it is a valve sealing ( or more rarely head gasket, or breakthrough piston or rarer still cylinder wall damage ) issue.

For example, if the first approach is taken then " car park " will come after " carbon " and " carp " ( as it would if it were written " carpark "), whereas in the second approach " car park " will come before those two words.

In humans, an ovum can carry only an X chromosome ( of the X and Y chromosomes ), whereas a sperm may carry either an X or a Y ; thus the male sperm determines the sex of any resulting zygote, if the zygote has two X chromosomes it will develop into a female, if it has an X and a Y chromosome, it will develop into a male.

Whereas, throughout its history, the South has relished its grits, making them a symbol of its diet, its customs, its humor, and its hospitality, and whereas, every community in the State of South Carolina used to be the site of a grits mill and every local economy in the State used to be dependent on its product ; and whereas, grits has been a part of the life of every South Carolinian of whatever race, background, gender, and income ; and whereas, grits could very well play a vital role in the future of not only this State, but also the world, if as Charleston's The Post and Courier proclaimed in 1952, " An inexpensive, simple, and thoroughly digestible food, should be made popular throughout the world.

In that case, if n is 10000 or so, the division formula ( z × n ) ÷ N, which depends mainly on the leading digits, will generate a lot of collisions ; whereas the remainder formula z mod n, which is quite sensitive to the trailing digits, may still yield a fairly even distribution.

The advantage of smoothsort is that it comes closer to O ( n ) time if the input is already sorted to some degree, whereas heapsort averages O ( n log n ) regardless of the initial sorted state.

whereas this identity would not hold if the definition did not include the subtraction of 3.

In laser ablation for example, a small volume of material at the surface of a work piece can be evaporated if it is heated in a very short time, whereas supplying the energy gradually would allow for the heat to be absorbed into the bulk of the piece, never attaining a sufficiently high temperature at a particular point.

Furthermore, as mentioned above, frequentist analysis is open to unscrupulous manipulation if the experimenter is allowed to choose the stopping point, whereas Bayesian methods are immune to such manipulation.

For the case of Bragg reflection only the lowest-order reflection is allowed if the light is incident along the helical axis, whereas for oblique incidence higher-order reflections become permitted.

On initial infection, the stability of cII determines the lifestyle of the phage ; stable cII will lead to the lysogenic pathway, whereas if cII is degraded the phage will go into the lytic pathway.

Parting varies from crystal to crystal of a mineral, whereas all crystals of a given mineral will cleave if the atomic structure allows for that property.

Tolerance to the different physiological effects of methadone varies ; tolerance to analgesic properties may or may not develop quickly, but tolerance to euphoria usually develops rapidly, whereas tolerance to constipation, sedation, and respiratory depression develops slowly ( if ever ).

If the X ion is K or Na, the mica is a " common " mica, whereas if the X ion is Ca, the mica is classed as a " brittle " mica.

Conversely, British English favours fitted as the past tense of fit generally, whereas the preference of American English is more complex: AmEng prefers fitted for the metaphorical sense of having made an object " fit " ( i. e., suited ) for a purpose ; in spatial transitive contexts, AmEng uses fitted for the sense of having made an object conform to an unchanged object that it surrounds ( e. g., " fitted X around Y ") but fit for the sense of having made an object conform to an unchanged object that surrounds it ( e. g., " fit X into Y "); and for the spatial senses ( both intransitive and transitive ) of having been matching with respect to contour, with no alteration of either object implied, AmEng prefers fit (" The clothes fit.

In other words, the least element is increased by the corresponding x whereas the rest of the elements pass from X < sup >( m )</ sup > to X < sup >( m + 1 )</ sup > unchanged.

H2A can be replaced by H2AZ ( which leads to reduced nucleosome stability ) or H2AX ( which is associated with DNA repair and T cell differentiation ), whereas the inactive X chromosomes in mammals are enriched in macroH2A.

X. 25 provides quality of service and error-free delivery, whereas, Frame Relay was designed to relay data as quickly as possible over low error networks.

In the original specifications these were referred to as levels and also had a level number, whereas all ITU-T X. 25 recommendations and ISO 8208 standards released after 1984 refer to them as layers.

One typical difference between package management in proprietary operating systems, such as Mac OS X and Windows, and those in free and open source software, such as Linux, is that free and open source software systems permit third-party packages to also be installed and upgraded through the same mechanism, whereas the package management systems of Mac OS X and Windows will only upgrade software provided by Apple and Microsoft, respectively ( with the exception of some third party drivers in Windows ).

Inheritance is typically maternal and follows an X-linked recessive pattern ; individuals with a 46, XY karyotype will always express the mutant gene since they only have one X chromosome, whereas 46, XX carriers will be minimally affected.

It is not the case where certain x in X are too difficult to verify, whereas most are not.

The NeXT and AIX version of FrameMaker used Display PostScript technology, whereas all other UNIX versions used the X Window System-Motif windowing environment.

For example, applications developed for Mac OS X and GNOME are supposed to place the most important button on the right-hand side of a window or dialog, whereas Microsoft Windows and KDE have the opposite convention.

This is referenced numerous times within Cambria County, Pennsylvania documents by the notation that Godfrey Wilmore wrote the document and witnessed it by his signature, whereas the other parties sign by their mark “ X “.

In regression analysis, ⟨ B ⟩ symbolizes non-standardized partial slope coefficients, whereas ⟨ β ⟩ represents standardized ( standard deviation-score form ) coefficients ; in both cases, the coefficients reflect the change in the criterion Y per one-unit change in the value of the associated predictor X.

In 1984, in response to public complaints regarding the severity of horror elements in PG-rated titles such as Gremlins and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, the PG-13 rating was created as a middle tier between PG and R. In 1990, the X rating was replaced by NC-17, partly because the X rating was not trademarked by the MPAA, whereas pornographic bookstores and theaters were using their own X and XXX symbols to market products.

Monogamy is the vice from which the abjectly fearful middle class continue to suffer, whereas the beatnik has the courage to break out of that prison of respectability.

This calculation results in an enthalpy rise which is somewhat high because it assumes a mass flow equally distributed over the plug cross section whereas in reality the mass velocity is expected to be smaller in the regions of higher temperatures.

The Maturity Chart for each sex demonstrates clearly that Onset is a phenomenon of infancy and early childhood whereas Completion is a phenomenon of the later portion of adolescence.

For example, arrow 17 in Figure 3 portrays the proximal radial epiphysis for boy 34, whereas the same epiphysis for girl 2 is portrayed by arrow 18 in Figure 4.

His first conclusion, on behavior of individual items, is negative, whereas mine ( on Ath. and Yok. ) was partially positive.

Old Mr. Pocket's frantic response to life imprisonment with a useless, social-climbing wife is to `` put his two hands into his disturbed hair '' and `` make an extraordinary effort to lift himself up by it '', whereas Joe Gargery endures the shrewish onslaughts of Mrs. Joe by apologetically drawing `` the back of his hand across and across his nose ''.

The first two forces are directly interrelated and depend upon film thickness, whereas Af is independent of these two and is a constant for a given knife/coating combination.

A reflectance-measuring instrument may be desirable to measure cleaning, whereas Soxhlet extraction is necessary to measure grease removal.

whereas, it is a matter of fact that Smith cannot drive a car.

Clerfayt of `` Heaven Has No Favorites '' resembles Portago only in that he is male and a race-driver -- quite a bad race-driver, whereas Portago was a good one.

People with empathic concern help others in distress even when exposure to the situation could be easily avoided, whereas those lacking in empathic concern avoid helping unless it is difficult or impossible to avoid exposure to another's suffering.

Apollo and the Furies argue about whether the matricide was justified ; Apollo holds that the bond of marriage is sacred and Orestes was avenging his father, whereas the Erinyes say that the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningful than the bond of marriage.

According to the definition by IUPAC, the former two are alkanes, whereas the third group is called cycloalkanes.

Body parts, pointers, adapted mice, joysticks, or eye tracking could be used, whereas switch access scanning is often used for indirect selection.

It is generally contrasted with vagueness, in that specific and distinct interpretations are permitted ( although some may not be immediately apparent ), whereas with information that is vague it is difficult to form any interpretation at the desired level of specificity.

Its domain is the powerset of A ( with the empty set removed ), and so makes sense for any set A, whereas with the definition used elsewhere in this article, the domain of a choice function on a collection of sets is that collection, and so only makes sense for sets of sets.

In the popular sense, an agnostic is someone who neither believes nor disbelieves in the existence of a deity or deities, whereas a theist and an atheist believe and disbelieve, respectively.

Additionally, fear is related to the specific behaviors of escape and avoidance, whereas anxiety is related to situations perceived as uncontrollable or unavoidable.