According to a controversial tradition reported by several medieval sources, Narses, out of spite for having been removed by Justinian's successor Justin II, called the Lombards to Italy.

According to the medieval chronicler John of Worcester, Ealdred was given the see of Ramsbury to administer while Herman remained outside England.

According to the medieval chronicler Geoffrey Gaimar, after the Battle of Stamford Bridge Harold entrusted the loot gained from Harold Hardrada to Ealdred.

According to Geoffrey Keating, the main Beltane fire in medieval Ireland was on the hill of Uisneach, in what is now County Westmeath.

According to Lorena Laura Stookey, " many scholars " see a link between stories in " Irish-Celtic mythology " about journeys to the Otherworld in search of a cauldron of rejuvenation and medieval accounts of the quest for the Holy Grail.

According to Mircea Eliade, the medieval " Gioacchinian myth [...] of universal renovation in a more or less imminent future " has influenced a number of modern theories of history, such as those of Lessing ( who explicitly compares his views to those of medieval " enthusiasts "), Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling, and has also influenced a number of Russian writers.

According to Iranian author Nabipour I., in medieval Persia, Avicenna ( 980-1037 ) provided a detailed account on diabetes mellitus in The Canon of Medicine ( c. 1025 ), " describing the abnormal appetite and the collapse of sexual functions and he documented the sweet taste of diabetic urine.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, after the cycle of Grail romances was well established, late medieval writers came up with a false etymology for sangréal, an alternative name for " Holy Grail.

According to Polish medieval chronicles, she was sent to Hungary as a bride of the son of King Béla II.

According to genealogist Edward MacLysaght the surname Lundy is from Norman de la Lounde, a name recorded in medieval documents in counties Tipperary and Kilkenny in Ireland.

According to J. K. Rowling, Merlin was born sometime during the medieval era.

According to Bart D. Ehrman, " These scribal additions are often found in late medieval manuscripts of the New Testament, but not in the manuscripts of the earlier centuries.

According to Joseph Anglade, a philologist and specialist of medieval literature who helped impose the then archaic term Occitan as the sole correct name, the word Lemosin was first used to designate the language at the beginning of the 13th century by Catalan troubadour Raimon Vidal de Besalú in his Razós de trobar

According to one chronicler, Richard's last act of chivalry proved fruitless ; in an orgy of medieval brutality, the infamous mercenary captain Mercadier had the crossbowman flayed alive and hanged as soon as Richard died.

According to Jonathan Riley-Smith, Scott's portrayal of Saladin was that of a " modern Century liberal European gentlemen, beside whom medieval Westerners would always have made a poor showing.

According to Robert Henry Nelson, " The medieval Roman Catholic Church operated a far-reaching and comprehensive welfare system for the poor ..."

According to medieval scholar Richard Zeikowitz, the Green Knight represents a threat to homosocial friendship in his medieval world.

According to the legendarium recorded in the 12th-century Gesta Treverorum, the city was founded by an eponymous otherwise unrecorded Trebeta, an Assyrian prince, placing the city's founding legend centuries before and independently of ancient Rome: a medieval inscription on the facade of the Red House in Trier market,

According to medieval sage Rabbi Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz, author of the Torah commentary Kli Yakar, the complexity of these laws was intended to discourage the consumption of meat.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the name " Veronica " comes from the Latin vera, meaning " true " or " Truthful ", and the Greek eikon, meaning " image "; the Veil of Veronica was therefore largely regarded in medieval times as the " true image ", the truthful representation of Jesus, preceding the Shroud of Turin.

" According to the medieval commentator Uvata, the five tributaries of the Sarasvati were the Punjab rivers Drishadvati, Satudri ( Sutlej ), Chandrabhaga ( Chenab ), Vipasa ( Beas ) and the Iravati ( Ravi ).

According to a tradition dated at least to Virgil's Aeneid, and rediscovered by the medieval commune, it was founded in 1183 BC by the Trojan prince Antenor, who was supposed to have led the people of Eneti or Veneti from Paphlagonia to Italy.

According to a design institute article, " The modern logo and corporate livery have evolved from the battle standard and military uniform of medieval times ".

According to Benjamin Thorpe " Grimm says the word embla, emla, signifies a busy woman, from amr, ambr, aml, ambl, assiduous labour ; the same relation as Meshia and Meshiane, the ancient Persian names of the first man and woman, who were also formed from trees.

According to Montgomery and Hammer Daniel's use of the word ' Chaldean ' to refer to astrologers in general is an anachronism, as during the Neo-Babylonian and early Persian periods ( when Daniel is said to have lived ), it referred only to an ethnicity.

According to Stephen Frederic Dale, the name Babur is derived from the Persian word babr, meaning " tiger ", a word that repeatedly appears in Firdawsī's Shāhnāma and had also been borrowed by the Turkic languages of Central Asia.

According to non-Orthodox Jews and critical historians, Jewish law too has been affected by surrounding cultures ( for example, some scholars argue that the establishment of absolute monotheism in Judaism was a reaction against the dualism of Zoroastrianism that Jews encountered when living under Persian rule ; Jews rejected polygamy during the Middle Ages, influenced by their Christian neighbors ).

According to the Bible, she was a Jewish queen of the Persian king Ahasuerus.

According to the biblical history, one of the first acts of Cyrus, the Persian conqueror of Babylon, was to commission the Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple, a task which they are said to have completed c. 515.

According to the biblical history Ezra and Nehemiah arrived in Jerusalem in the middle of the 5th century BCE, the first empowered by the Persian king to enforce the Torah, the second with the status of governor and a royal mission to restore the walls of the city.

According to Edward G. Browne, the three most prominent mystical Persian poets Rumi, Sana ' i and Attar were all Sunni Muslims and their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb.

According to the principal editor of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: " Although a number of major Islamic poets easily rival the likes of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton in importance and output, they still enjoy only a marginal literary fame in the West because the works of Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered as negligible, frivolous, tawdry sideshows beside the grand narrative of the Western Canon.

According to biographies preserved by Ibn al-Nadim and the Persian polymath al-Biruni, he allegedly received a revelation as a youth from a spirit, whom he would later call his Twin ( Aramaic Tauma ( תאומא ), from which is also derived the name of the apostle Thomas, the " twin "), his Syzygos ( Greek for " partner ", in the Cologne Mani-Codex ), his Double, his Protective Angel or ' Divine Self '.

According to one tradition it was Mani himself who invented the unique version of the Syriac script called Manichaean script, which was used in all of the Manichaean works written within the Persian Empire, whether they were in Syriac or Middle Persian, and also for most of the works written within the Uyghur Empire.

According to A. Zahoor, in the 11th century, the Persian polymath scholar Abu Rayhan Biruni described the Milky Way galaxy as a multitude of fragments having the properties of nebulous stars, and also gave the latitudes of various stars during a lunar eclipse in 1019.

According to, the Persian emperor, Cyrus the Great ( reigned 559 BCE – 530 BCE ), permitted the return of the exiles to their homeland and ordered the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem ( Zion ).

According to Herodotus, Themistocles left messages at every place where the Persian fleet might stop for drinking water, asking the Ionians in the Persian fleet to defect, or at least fight badly.

According to Herodotus, after the Persian navy began its maneuvers, Aristides arrived at the Allied camp from Aegina.

According to Mackenzie's theory, the Persians ( or Proto-Persians ) occupied the province of Fars in the southwest ( proceeding from the assumption that the Achaemenids spoke Persian ), the Baluchis ( Proto-Baluchis ) inhabited the central areas of Western Iran, and the Kurds ( Proto-Kurds ), in the wording of G. Windfuhr ( 1975: 459 ), lived either in northwestern Luristan or in the province of Isfahan.

According to Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, these panemone windmills were invented in eastern Persia as recorded by the Persian geographer Estakhri in the 9th century .< ref >

According to Pliny the Elder, sard derives its name from the city of Sardis in Lydia, but it more likely comes from the Persian word سرد sered, meaning yellowish-red.

According to Persian tradition, as reported by 11th-century ethnographer Mahmud of Kashgar and various other traditional Islamic scholars and historians, the name " Turk " stems from Tur, one of the sons of Japheth ( see Turan ).

According to Herodotus, upon encountering the deserted city, in an fit of rage uncharacteristic even for Persian kings, Xerxes had Athens burned.

According to Shahnameh ancient Persian book, the hero Rostam was the first person who was born with this method and term رستمينه ( rostamineh ) is corresponded to Caesarean.

According to a 2010 census conducted by the Sociology Department of Tehran University in many districts of Tehran across various socio-economic classes in proportion to population sizes of each district and socio-economic class, 63 % of people in Tehran were born in Tehran, 98 % know Persian, 67 % identify themselves as ethnic Persian, and 13 % have some degree of proficiency in a European language.