When Thomas Hobbes wrote that " the Papacy is no other than the ghost of the deceased Roman Empire sitting crowned upon the grave thereof ", he was promulgating an enormously important truth.

An early professed empiricist, Thomas Hobbes, known as an eccentric denizen of the court of Charles II of England ( an " old bear "), published in 1651 Leviathan, a political treatise written during the English civil war, containing an early manifesto in English of rationalism.

Entering the University of Leiden he took his degree in philosophy in 1689, with a dissertation De distinctione mentis a corpore ( on the difference of the mind from the body ), in which he attacked the doctrines of Epicurus, Thomas Hobbes and Spinoza.

Later, when Watterson was creating names for the characters in his comic strip, he allegedly decided upon Calvin ( after the Protestant reformer John Calvin ) and Hobbes ( after the social philosopher Thomas Hobbes ) as a " tip of the hat " to the political science department at Kenyon.

" There seems to be little doubt that this could only be John Calvin and Thomas Hobbes, respectively.

This idea was already rejected as untenable by John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ), and by the time of Thomas Hobbes ( 1588 – 1679 ) it was recognised that the book must have been written much later than the period it depicted.

Hedonism, for example, teaches that this feeling is pleasure — either one's own, as in egoism ( the 17th-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ), or everyone's, as in universalistic hedonism, or utilitarianism ( the 19th-century English philosophers Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Henry Sidgwick ), with its formula of the " greatest pleasure of the greatest number.

Classical liberals agreed with Thomas Hobbes that government had been created by individuals to protect themselves from one another.

Hayek conceded that the national labels did not exactly correspond to those belonging to each tradition: Hayek saw the Frenchmen Montesquieu, Constant and Tocqueville as belonging to the " British tradition " and the British Thomas Hobbes, Priestley, Richard Price and Thomas Paine as belonging to the " French tradition ".

* 1679 – Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher ( b. 1588 )

Thomas Hobbes – a 17th century deist and important influence on subsequent deists – used the cosmological argument for the existence of God at several places in his writings.

Other philosophers, such as Thomas Hobbes and David Gauthier, have argued that the conflicts which arise when people each pursue their own ends can be resolved for the best of each individual only if they all voluntarily forgo some of their aims — that is, one's self-interest is often best pursued by allowing others to pursue their self-interest as well so that liberty is equal among individuals.

* Thomas Hobbes

* Hobbes, Thomas, 1968, Leviathan, C. B. Macpherson ( ed.

Philosophers associated with empiricism include Aristotle, Alhazen, Avicenna, Ibn Tufail, Robert Grosseteste, William of Ockham, Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle, John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, Leopold von Ranke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Popper.

Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza, in the next generation, are often also described as an empiricist and a rationalist respectively.

When was a " base sycophant " loved and honoured by piety such as that of Herbert, Tennison, and Rawley, by noble spirits like Hobbes, Ben Jonson, and Selden, or followed to the grave, and beyond it, with devoted affection such as that of Sir Thomas Meautys.

Aubrey has been criticised for his evident credulousness in this and other works ; on the other hand, he knew Thomas Hobbes, Bacon's fellow-philosopher and friend.

A moral philosopher who produced alternatives to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes, one of his major contributions to world thought was the utilitarian and consequentialist principle that virtue is that which provides, in his words, " the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers ".

# REDIRECT Thomas Hobbes

While it was once thought that Locke wrote the Treatises to defend the Glorious Revolution of 1688, recent scholarship has shown that the work was composed well before this date, and it is now viewed as a more general argument against absolute monarchy ( particularly as espoused by Robert Filmer and Thomas Hobbes ) and for individual consent as the basis of political legitimacy.

Thomas Hobbes was an English Age of Enlightenment | Enlightenment scholar

In his Leviathan of 1651, Thomas Hobbes referred to it as the English Translation made in the beginning of the Reign of King James.

Generally, each NOAA hull number is written with a space between the letter and the three-digit number, as in, for example, NOAAS Nancy Foster ( R 352 ) or NOAAS Thomas Jefferson ( S 222 ).

Generally, however, Playford clung to old methods ; he recommended the use of lute tablature to ordinary violin players ; and he resisted, in an earnest letter of remonstrance ( 1673 ), Thomas Salmon's proposals for a readjustment of clefs.

As to relative frequencies of competing roots ( 7 - 1 vs. 4 - 4, etc. ), Thomas with his ' weighting ' seems to be the first to have considered the significance this might have.

According to Time magazine, one of the witnesses, Angela Wright, may not have been considered credible on the issue of sexual harassment because she had been fired from the EEOC by Thomas.

In 1805 President Thomas Jefferson considered possessing Cuba for strategic reasons, sending secret agents to the island to negotiate with Governor Someruelos.

Adopting Thomas Malthus's population theory, they saw poor urban conditions as inevitable, as they believed population growth would outstrip food production ; and they considered that to be desirable, as starvation would help limit population growth.

He firmly declined all of the offers and many believed he was foregoing his only opportunity to be president ; Thomas E. Dewey was considered the other probable winner, would presumably serve two terms, and Eisenhower, at age 66 in 1956, would then be too old.

It is considered that Thomas was indulged by his mother and enjoyed being coddled, a trait he carried into adulthood and he was skilful at gaining attention and sympathy.

Doctor Angelicus, St. Thomas Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ), considered by the Catholic Church to be its greatest medieval theologian, is girded by angels with a mystical belt of purity after his Chastity | proof of chastity.

Thomas, who considered ending his schooling the greatest mistake of his life, did not graduate from high school until 1993 when he obtained a GED.

The medieval universities of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of enquiry and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Thomas Aquinas of the University of Naples, Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation ; and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research The University of Bologne is considered the oldest continually operating university.

Thomas Reid and the Stoics are often considered to be externalist foundationalists, though this attribution remains controversial.

In hindsight, the Louisiana Purchase could be considered one of Thomas Jefferson ’ s greatest contributions to the United States.

Smith saw English merchant Thomas Mun ( 1571 – 1641 ) as a major creator of the mercantile system, especially in his posthumously published Treasure by Foreign Trade ( 1664 ), which Smith considered the archetype or manifesto of the movement.

* 1874 – A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party.

The Tempest is considered by most Shakespearean scholars to have been written in 1610 – 11 and inspired by published and unpublished contemporary descriptions of the 1609 Sea Venture shipwreck on the island of Bermuda, and most especially William Strachey's eyewitness report, A True Reportory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight because of certain verbal, plot and thematic similarities.

The death state of Christ was considered by theologians such as Thomas Aquinas and related in traditions such as the Harrowing of Hell.

Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of Royal Supremacy, in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm.

Along with Thomas Jefferson, Roosevelt is often considered the most well read of any American politician.

Thomas Nast ( September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902 ) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who is considered to be the " Father of the American Cartoon ".

He was considered Roosevelt's strongest supporter in the business community. The gravesite of Thomas J. Watson, Sr.

Pitt and Henry Fox were considered the two favourites for the position, but Newcastle instead rejected them both and turned to the less well-known figure of Sir Thomas Robinson, a career diplomat, to fill the post.

* November 21 – Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record sound, considered Edison's first great invention.

* 1273 – December 6 – Saint Thomas Aquinas quits his writing of Summa Theologica — a work considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology — leaving it unfinished after having a mystical experience during Mass.

* The Summa Theologica, a work by Thomas Aquinas that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology, is completed ( year uncertain ).

Thomas Nichol, Wharton Barker, and Benjamin Harrison were widely considered to be the primary architects of Garfield's ascendancy during the convention, but no one could have controlled this unpredictable outcome for such a dark horse — one who had personally objected at every step.