Originally released for the IBM 6150 RISC workstation, AIX now supports or has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS / 6000 series and later IBM POWER and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System / 370 mainframes, PS / 2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server.

AIX was the first operating system to utilize journaling file systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features like processor, disk and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation ( including fractional processor units ), and reliability engineering ported from its mainframe designs.

Since 1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for the RS / 6000 series ( later renamed IBM eServer pSeries, then IBM System p, and now IBM Power Systems ).

ACM also sponsors other computer science related events such as the worldwide ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest ( ICPC ), and has sponsored some other events such as the chess match between Garry Kasparov and the IBM Deep Blue computer.

Database research has taken place at research and development groups of companies ( e. g., notably at IBM Research, who contributed technologies and ideas virtually to any DBMS existing today ), research institutes, and academia.

This model has been supported primarily by the IBM IMS DBMS, one of the earliest DBMSs.

A single class-B element is rarely found in practice, though it has been used for driving the loudspeaker in the early IBM Personal Computers with beeps, and it can be used in RF power amplifier where the distortion levels are less important.

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.

John Backus said during a 1979 interview with Think, the IBM employee magazine, " Much of my work has come from being lazy.

In the private sector he has worked for Mitre Corp., GE, Ford, General Motors ; during the late 1970s Singer consulted with Exxon, Shell, Unocal Sun Oil, and ARCO on oil pricing ; and Lockheed Martin, Martin – Marietta, McDonnell-Douglas, ANSER, and IBM on space research.

IBM lead negotiator Jack Sams insisted that he never met Gary, and one IBM colleague has confirmed that Sams said so at the time.

Although it is often conjectured that the name HAL was based on a one-letter shift from the name IBM, this has been denied by both Clarke and 2001 director Stanley Kubrick.

For general desktop computer use it has been supplanted by later buses such as IBM Micro Channel, VESA Local Bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect and other successors.

Foot drop in one or both feet has been a symptom of IBM and advanced stages of polymyositis ( PM ).

* The hypothesis that beta amyloid protein is key to IBM has been supported in a mouse model using an Aβ vaccine that was found to be effective against inclusion body myositis in mouse models.

Although this vaccine is likely not safe for human use, it still shows that attacking Aβ has efficacy in mice against IBM.

MIME's use, however, has grown beyond describing the content of email to describe content type in general, including for the web ( see Internet media type ) and as a storage for rich content in some commercial products ( e. g., IBM Lotus Domino and IBM Lotus Quickr ).

The IBM 650, a decimal machine, had one 10 digit accumulator ; the IBM 7070, a later, transistorized decimal machine had three accumulators.

The first ( retroactively ) RISC-labeled processor ( IBM 801-IBMs Watson Research Center, mid-1970s ) was a tightly pipelined simple machine originally intended to be used as an internal microcode kernel, or engine, in CISC designs, but also became the processor that introduced the RISC idea to a somewhat larger public.

An IBM-made 386 machine eventually reached the market seven months later, but by that time Compaq was the 386 supplier of choice and IBM had lost its image of technical leadership.

At MIT, Olsen and Anderson noticed something odd: students would line up for hours to get a turn to use the stripped-down TX-0, while largely ignoring a faster IBM machine that was also available.

Examples were IBM System / 38, the early offering of Teradata, and the Britton Lee, Inc. database machine.

In 1961 IBM introduced the model 1311 disk drive, which was about the size of a washing machine and stored two million characters on a removable disk " pack.

And a final disappointment was that Cornerstone was available only for IBM PCs and not any of the other platforms that Infocom supported for their games ; while Cornerstone had been programmed with its own virtual machine for maximum portability, that feature had become essentially irrelevant.

A desk size machine with a different instruction set, the IBM 1130, was released concurrently with the System / 360 to address the niche occupied by the 1620.

Later models followed in the trend: for example, the PC / XT, IBM Portable Personal Computer, and PC AT are IBM machine types 5160, 5155, and 5170, respectively.

* 1954 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: the first public demonstration of a machine translation system, is held in New York at the head office of IBM.

Some hardware vendors, especially IBM, use the term as a synonym for firmware, so that all code in a device, whether microcode or machine code, is termed microcode ( such as in a hard drive for instance, which typically contains both ).

Many of the notable early successes occurred in the field of machine translation, due especially to work at IBM Research, where successively more complicated statistical models were developed.

Programmers of early 1950s computers, notably UNIVAC I and IBM 701, used machine language programs, that is, the first generation language ( 1GL ).

The IBM System / 360 ( announced in 1964 but not delivered until 1966 ) was designed as a common machine architecture for both groups of users, superseding all existing IBM architectures.

In 1968 BCL was ported by Walsh to the IBM 360 / 67 timesharing machine at Washington State University.

Apart from its reliability issues, the target business market was becoming wedded to the IBM PC platform, whilst the majority of ZX Spectrum owners were uninterested in upgrading to a machine which had a minimal library of games.

Many models offered the option of emulation of the customer's previous computer ( e. g. the IBM 1400 series on a 360-30 or the IBM 7094 on a 360-65 ) using a combination of special hardware, special microcode and an emulation program that used the emulation instructions to simulate the target system, so that old programs could run on the new machine.

He said that " IBM had developed a paper plan for such a machine and took this paper plan across the country to some 20 concerns that we thought could use such a machine.

In plotlines mirroring the negative reaction of non-commercial artists to the commercialization of the art form by companies like IBM ( and, later, Sony itself ) the Rakugaki Ōkoku series ( 2003 – 2005 ) for Sony's PlayStation 2 revolves around an anonymous hero and his magically imbued-with-life graffiti creations as they struggle against an evil king who only allows art to be produced which can benefit him.

IBM is given fictional credit as being the manufacturer of the Pan Am Clipper's computer, and the IBM logo can be seen in the center of the cockpit's instrument panel.

It is also important to note that IBM can result in diminished aerobic capacity.

The term is typically used to describe a family of fairly well known tricks that can overload the analog electronics in the CRT monitors of computers lacking hardware sanity checking ( notable examples being the IBM Portable and Commodore PET.

IBM claimed that its newer mainframes can reduce data center energy costs for power and cooling, and that they could reduce physical space requirements compared to server farms.

This means OS / 2 may have code not written by IBM, which can prevent the OS from being open-sourced in the future.

Third-party software can be used to synchronize PDAs to other personal information managers that are not supported by the PDA manufacturers ( for example, GoldMine and IBM Lotus Notes ).

RIM sells BlackBerry Enterprise Server to corporations so that corporate BlackBerry users can wirelessly synchronize their PDAs with the company's Microsoft Exchange Server, IBM Lotus Domino, or Novell GroupWise servers.

This key can be traced back to the operator interrupt key used on IBM 3270-type console keyboards of the IBM System / 370 mainframe computer, which was used to cause the operating system such as VM / 370 or MVS to allow the console to give input to the operating system.

However, C language programming is much easier to obtain skilled people in, so most if not all new development is done in C. Since z / TPF allows assembler programs to be repackaged into 1 logical file, critical legacy applications can be maintained and actually improve efficiency-the cost of entering one of these programs will now come at the initial enter when the entire program is fetched into core and logical flow through the program is accomplished via simple branch instructions, instead of a dozen or so IBM instructions previously needed to perform what is known as ' core resident enter / back '.

In addition to CMS, in the early stage especially communication tasks were performed by multitasking VMs ( RSCS, GCS, TCP / IP, UNIX ), and users can run any of the other IBM operating systems, such as MVS, even a new CP itself or now z / OS.

The process can even be recursive: IBM debugged new versions of its virtual machine operating system, VM, in a virtual machine running under an older version of VM, and even used this technique to simulate new hardware.

Segmentation and paging can be used together by dividing each segment into pages ; systems with this memory structure, such as Multics and IBM System / 38, are usually paging-predominant, segmentation providing memory protection.

IBM recommends that z / VSE customers run Linux on zSeries alongside, on the same physical system, to provide another 64-bit application environment that can access and extend z / VSE applications and data via Hipersockets using a wide variety of middleware.

Application programmers can still use any addressing mode: all applications, regardless of their addressing mode ( s ), can coexist without modification, and IBM maintains an unwavering commitment to tri-modal backward compatibility.

VWLC and EWLC are also available for most IBM software products running on z / OS, and their peaks are separately calculated but can never exceed the z / OS peak.

For example, IBM customers running Release 9 can upgrade directly to Release 11 ( or Release 10 ), and both releases can operate concurrently within the same Sysplex ( cluster ) and without conflict using the same datasets, configurations, security profiles, etc.

It supports security, communications, and web-based applications which can be executed inside the optional IBM WebSphere Application Server or as PHP / MySQL applications inside a native port of the Apache web server.

The processor speed and memory capacity of modern PCs are many orders of magnitude greater than they were for the original IBM PC and yet backwards compatibility has been largely maintained – a 32-bit operating system can still operate many of the simpler programs written for the OS of the early 1980s without needing an emulator, though an emulator like DOSBox now has near-native functionality at full speed.