There is no line of demarcation, and this makes it probable that lycanthropy is connected with nagualism and the belief in familiar spirits, rather than with metempsychosis, as E. B. Tylor argued, or with totemism, as suggested by J. F. M ' Lennan.

E. B. Tylor, nineteenth-century British anthropologist

E. B. Tylor ( 2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917 ) and James George Frazer ( 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941 ) are generally considered the antecedents to modern social anthropology in Britain.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

Tylor in particular laid the groundwork for theories of cultural diffusionism, stating that there are three ways that different groups can have similar cultural forms or technologies: " independent invention, inheritance from ancestors in a distant region, transmission from one race to another.

Tylor formulated one of the early and influential anthropological conceptions of culture as " that complex whole, which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by as of society.

" However, as Stocking notes, Tylor mainly concerned himself with describing and mapping the distribution of particular elements of culture, rather than with the larger function, and he generally seemed to assume a Victorian idea of progress rather than the idea of non-directional, multilineal cultural development proposed by later anthropologists.

Neither Tylor nor Frazer, however, was particularly interested in fieldwork, nor were they interested in examining how the cultural elements and institutions fit together.

Like other scholars of his day ( such as Edward Tylor ), Morgan argued that human societies could be classified into categories of cultural evolution on a scale of progression that ranged from savagery, to barbarism, to civilization.

Edward Burnett Tylor | Sir Edward Tylor was responsible for forming the definition of animism currently accepted in anthropology.

The term was taken and redefined by the anthropologist Sir Edward Tylor in his 1871 book Primitive Culture, in which he defined it as " the general doctrine of souls and other spiritual beings in general.

According to Tylor, animism often includes " an idea of pervading life and will in nature "; i. e., a belief that natural objects other than humans have souls.

As a self-described " confirmed scientific rationalist ", Tylor believed that this view was " childish " and typical of " cognitive underdevelopment ", and that it was therefore common in " primitive " peoples such as those living in hunter gatherer societies.

Lists of phenomena, from the contemplation of which " the savage " was led to believe in animism, have been given by Sir E. B. Tylor, Herbert Spencer, Andrew Lang, and others ; a controversy arose between the former as to the priority of their respective lists.

In one such theory, put forward by Sir E. B. Tylor, early humans initially, through mere observation, recognized what might be called a soul, life-force, spirit, breath or animus within themselves ; that which was present in the body in life and absent in death.

According to Tylor, the more scientifically advanced the society, the less that society believed in Animism ; however, any remnant ideologies of souls or spirits, to Tylor, represented “ survivals ” of the original animism of early humanity.

The theory predicts a linear dependence of Af on Af, where J is the experimentally determined Curie-Weiss constant.

The Stanford Achievement Test, Form J, was administered by classroom teachers, consisting of a battery of six sub-tests: Paragraph Meaning, Word Meaning, Spelling, Language, Arithmetic Computation, and Arithmetic Reasoning.

It is, of course, easy to see how `` J '' will mean Uncle Jack to one person and little Jane to another.

* Ackrill J. L. ( 2010 ).

* Barnes J.

* Loux, Michael J.

* in J. Barnes, M. Schofield, and R. R. K. Sorabji, eds .( 1975 ).

Jorge Moll and Jordan Grafman, neuroscientists at the National Institutes of Health and LABS-D ' Or Hospital Network ( J. M.

H. J.

* J. L. Austin ( 1911 – 1960 ), British philosopher

* Miranda J.

This design-based analysis was discussed and developed by Francis J. Anscombe at Rothamsted Experimental Station and by Oscar Kempthorne at Iowa State University.

* Animal ( 2005 film ), US film by David J. Burke with Ving Rhames and Terrance Howard

Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, who had been initially in command in Tennessee as that State's top general.

G. J.

* G. J.

According to the conjectural reconstructions of Noel Swerdlow and G. J. Toomer, this was derived from his assumption of a " least perceptible " solar parallax of 7 arc minutes.

2754: Winter, J. G., ' A New Fragment on the Life of Homer ' TAPA 56 ( 1925 ) 120 – 129 ).

* Kirk G. S .; Raven, J. E. and Schofield, M. ( 1983 ) The Presocratic Philosophers: a critical history with a selection of texts ( 2nd ed.

28 .</ ref > One of the three Milesian philosophers, he is identified as a younger friend or student of Anaximander .< ref > Kirk, G. S., J. E.

124-126 .</ ref > While other philosophers also recognized such transitions in states of matter, Anaximenes was the first to associate the quality pairs hot / dry and cold / wet with the density of a single material and add a quantitative dimension to the Milesian monistic system .< ref > Kirk, G. S., J. E.

While the sun is similarly described as being aflame, it is not composed of rarefied air like the stars but rather of earth like the moon ; its burning comes not from its composition but rather from its rapid motion .< ref > Kirk, G. S., J. E.

* Short story, The Passion Considered as an Uphill Bicycle Race ( La Passion considérée comme course de côte ), has been widely circulated and imitated, notably by J. G.

J. G. Ballard wrote a dystopian take on a self-contained building that is much like an arcology in his 1975 novel High Rise.

* J. G.

This traditional attribution of the Creed to Athanasius was first called into question in 1642 by Dutch Protestant theologian G. J.

* Barker-Benfield, G. J.

In this model, the atom is composed of electrons ( which Thomson still called " corpuscles ", though G. J. Stoney had proposed that atoms of electricity be called electrons in 1894 ) surrounded by a soup of positive charge to balance the electrons ' negative charges, like negatively charged " plums " surrounded by positively charged " pudding ".

* Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy.

* Briggs, D. E. G .; Erwin, Douglas H. & Collier, Frederick J.

* Richard J. Coggins, 1 and 2 Chronicles in Dunn, James D. G., Rogerson, John William ( eds ), " Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible " ( Eerdmans, 2003 )

* Dudley, G. F., and J. J. Richardson, eds.

* MacKie, E W 1997 Dun Mor Vaul re-visited, J. N. G.

Translated by J. G.

Production and bottling of the drink is contracted out by Bacardi to G & J Greenall.

( J. G.

* Hoffman, J., and Rosenkrantz, G. S., 1994.