This appears to be high, as would be expected from the appreciable viscosity of the material in the drops.

Below a depth of about 1000 m, carbon dioxide is injected as a supercritical fluid, a material with the density of a liquid, but the viscosity and diffusivity of a gas.

The presence of non-bridging oxygens lowers the relative number of strong bonds in the material and disrupts the network, decreasing the viscosity of the melt and lowering the melting temperature.

For example, ketchup can have its viscosity reduced by shaking ( or other forms of mechanical agitation, where the relative movement of different layers in the material actually causes the reduction in viscosity ) but water cannot.

Ketchup is a shear thinning material, as an increase in relative velocity caused a reduction in viscosity, while some other non-Newtonian materials show the opposite behaviour: viscosity going up with relative deformation, which are called shear thickening or dilatant materials.

" Vulcanization curve " showing the increase in viscosity of the polymeric material during crosslinking.

Rhyolitic magmas generally produce finer grained material compared to basaltic magmas, due to the higher viscosity and therefore explosivity.

Amorphous polymers have different glass transition temperatures, above which the material will have rubbery properties instead of glassy behavior and the stiffness of the material will drop dramatically with an increase in viscosity.

The material to be prilled must be a solid at room temperature and a low viscosity liquid when melted.

where is the velocity vector, is the density of the fluid, is the material derivative, is the viscosity of the fluid, is the electric charge density, is the applied electric field, and is the electric field due to the zeta potential at the walls.

One of the advantages of using the incompressible material assumption over the incompressible flow assumption is in the momentum equation where the kinematic viscosity () can be assumed to be constant.

A Maxwell material is a viscoelastic material having the properties both of elasticity and viscosity.

where E is the elastic modulus and η is the material coefficient of viscosity.

Once the critical shear stress ( or " yield stress ") is exceeded, the material flows in such a way that the shear rate, ∂ u /∂ y ( as defined in the article on viscosity ), is directly proportional to the amount by which the applied shear stress exceeds the yield stress:

Whereas elasticity is usually the result of bond stretching along crystallographic planes in an ordered solid, viscosity is the result of the diffusion of atoms or molecules inside an amorphous material.

Depending on the change of strain rate versus stress inside a material the viscosity can be categorized as having a linear, non-linear, or plastic response.

Since viscosity is the resistance to thermally activated plastic deformation, a viscous material will lose energy through a loading cycle.

where σ is the stress, η is the viscosity of the material, and dε / dt is the time derivative of strain.

A dilatant ( also termed shear thickening ) material is one in which viscosity increases with the rate of shear strain.

The Boltzmann equation can be used to determine how physical quantities change, such as heat energy and momentum, when a fluid is in transport, and other properties characteristic to fluids such as viscosity, thermal conductivity also electrical conductivity ( by treating the charge carriers in a material as a gas ) can be derived.

There is another means which should show the direction and relative value of the stresses in viscoelastic fluids that is not mentioned as such in the literature, and that is the shape of the suspended drops of low viscosity fluids in shear fields.

There are no data published in the literature on the shape of low viscosity drops to confirm the above formulas.

However, there are photographs of suspended drops of cyclohexanol phthalate ( viscosity 155 poises ) suspended in corn syrup of 71 poises in a paper by Mason and Bartok.

Unlike crystalline metals, there is no obvious melting point at which viscosity drops suddenly.

Vitreloy behaves more like other glasses, in that its viscosity drops gradually with increased temperature.

The characteristic feature of greases is that they possess a high initial viscosity, which upon the application of shear, drops to give the effect of an oil-lubricated bearing of approximately the same viscosity as the base oil used in the grease.

After sufficient force to shear the grease has been applied, the viscosity drops and approaches that of the base lubricant, such as the mineral oil.

( B ) That because of the low viscosity of the fluid, the internal pressure is the same in all directions.

Naturally occurring asphalt is sometimes specified by the term " crude bitumen "; its viscosity is similar to that of cold molasses .< ref >

where is the shear viscosity and is the bulk viscosity.

The term is always positive since, according to the second law of thermodynamics, viscosity cannot add energy to the control volume.

The gel's porosity is directly related to the concentration of agarose in the medium, so various levels of effective viscosity ( from the cell's " point of view ") can be selected, depending on the experimental objectives.

George Stokes had shown that the mobility for a spherical particle with radius is, where is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.

He writes for the diffusion coefficient, where is the osmotic pressure and is the ratio of the frictional force to the molecular viscosity which he assumes is given by Stokes's formula for the viscosity.

The glass is shaped when either fully molten, by casting, or when in a state of toffee-like viscosity, by methods such as blowing to a mold.

The viscosity of cytoplasm is roughly the same as pure water, although diffusion of small molecules through this liquid is about fourfold slower than in pure water, due mostly to collisions with the large numbers of macromolecules in the cytosol.

Polymer conformation of course affects many bulk properties ( such as viscosity, turbidity, etc .).

Some problems may encounter only very small viscous effects on the solution, in which case viscosity can be considered to be negligible.

In the outer layer of the space that surrounds the body viscosity will be negligible.

The Magnus effect is often considered a demonstration of Bernoulli's principle, but this is incorrect, as the viscosity of the air-assumed to be negligible in Bernoulli's principle-is central to understanding the magnitude of the force.

The results of the study, based on collision integrals computed from the latest critically evaluated data on intermolecular forces in air, will be reported in the form of a table of viscosity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion, and diffusion coefficients at temperatures of 1,000 to 10,000 Af and of logarithm of pressure in atmospheres from Af to Af times normal density.

These are reasonable assumptions with low viscosity fluids suspended in high viscosity fluids which are subjected to low rates of shear.

The mean-square end-to-end distance of the polyisobutylene chain has been calculated in reasonable agreement with values deduced from viscosity data.

100 % solid PSAs may be low viscosity polymers that are coated and then reacted with radiation to increase molecular weight and form the adhesive ; or they may be high viscosity materials that are heated to reduce viscosity enough to allow coating, and then cooled to their final form.

From this, knowing the viscosity of the fluid, the sizes of the particles can be calculated.

The influence of viscosity in the flow dictates a third classification.

Flows for which viscosity cannot be neglected are called viscous flows.

The Euler equations were extended to incorporate the effects of viscosity in the first half of the 1800s, resulting in the Navier-Stokes equations.

However, the viscosity of acrylic can successfully be reduced by using suitable extenders that maintain the integrity of the paint film.

Highly pigmented with a focus on single pigment colors for the cleanest mixing results, they tend to have viscosity similar to oil paints and can thus hold a brush stroke for impasto applications.

Heavy Body refers to the viscosity or thickness of the paint.

Gel Mediums are also available in Heavy and Super Heavy Body to help stiffen thinner viscosity paints.