) While Rotokas has a small alphabet because it has few phonemes to represent ( just eleven ), Book Pahlavi was small because many letters had been conflated — that is, the graphic distinctions had been lost over time, and diacritics were not developed to compensate for this as they were in Arabic, another script that lost many of its distinct letter shapes.

While phonemes are normally conceived of as abstractions of discrete segmental speech sounds ( vowels and consonants ), there are other features of pronunciation – principally tone and stress – which in some languages can change the meaning of words in the way that phoneme contrasts do, and are consequently called phonemic features of those languages.

While it is widely agreed that phonology is grounded in phonetics, phonology is a distinct branch of linguistics, concerned with sounds and gestures as abstract units ( e. g., distinctive features, phonemes, mora, syllables, etc.

While most languages make use of purely labial phonemes, a few generally lack them.

While vowel letters in the Cyrillic alphabet may be divided into iotated and non-iotated pairs ( e. g. ⟨ а ⟩ and ⟨ я ⟩, both represent and the latter denotes a preceding palatalised consonant ), ⟨ ы ⟩ is more complicated ; while it appears only after hard consonants, its phonetic value differs from ⟨ и ⟩ and there is some scholarly disagreement as to whether or not ⟨ ы ⟩ and ⟨ и ⟩ denote different phonemes.

While each dialect had the same set of eleven short vowel phonemes, only one pair ( ~ ) were shown to have a common parent vowel in earlier stages of German.

While Proto-Germanic inherited both of the phonemes */ i / and */ e / from Proto-Indo-European, all instances of */ o / in the language arose from a-mutation of */ u /, since Proto-Indo-European */ o / had already become Proto-Germanic */ a /.

While the origin of state-owned automobiles may be obscured, subsequent developments concerning the assignment, use, and management of state automobiles can be related more clearly.

While 2-year-olds are still gaining most of the attention at the track, green horses are starting to go a bit, and Jimmy Cruise has several that can really make it.

While some suppression and some denial are not only necessary but healthy, the worker's clinical knowledge must determine how these defenses are being used, what healthy shifts in defensive adaptation are indicated, and when efforts at bringing about change can be most effectively timed.

While this influence is a complex matter, depending upon personality factors in the individual as well as upon his social-class experience, there probably are some general statements about social-class background and educational policy that can be made with a fair degree of truth.

While ideas about altruism from one field can have an impact on the other fields, the different methods and focuses of these fields always lead to different perspectives on altruism.

While the Ural – Altaic hypothesis can still be found in encyclopedias, atlases, and similar general references, it has not had any adherents in the linguistics community for decades.

While the engine installation crew works on the second car, the first car can be moved to the hood station and fitted with a hood, then to the wheels station and be fitted with wheels.

While down there, along with the dead, he is shown the place where the wrongly convicted reside, the fields of sorrow where those who committed suicide and now regret it reside, including Aeneas ' former lover, the warriors and shades, Tartarus ( where the titans and powerful non-mortal enemies of the Olympians reside ) where he can hear the groans of the imprisoned, the palace of Pluto, and the fields of Elysium where the descendants of the divine and bravest heroes reside.

While a character with Pattern, Logrus or Conjuration can acquire virtually any object, players can choose to spend character points to obtain objects with particular virtues-unbreakability, or a mind of their own.

While Renaissance artists sought nature to find their style, the Mannerists looked first for a style and found a manner. In Mannerist paintings, compositions can have no focal point, space can be ambiguous, figures can be characterized by an athletic bending and twisting with distortions, exaggerations, an elastic elongation of the limbs, bizarre posturing on one hand, graceful posturing on the other hand, and a rendering of the heads as uniformly small and oval.

While entrance to the Park is free, Gaudí's house, " la Torre Rosa ," — containing furniture that he designed — can be only visited for an entrance fee.

While anagramming is certainly a recreation first, there are ways in which anagrams are put to use, and these can be more serious, or at least not quite frivolous and formless.

While in the city, there are many buses and taxi services one can take to get from place to place, but most of the locals choose to walk to their destinations.

While a spontaneous or induced genetic mutation in bacteria may confer resistance to antimicrobial drugs, genes that confer resistance can be transferred between bacteria in a horizontal fashion by conjugation, transduction, or transformation.

Some scholars believe that the apologetic view of Luke ’ s work is overemphasized and that it should not be regarded as a “ major aim of the Lucan writings .” While Munck believes that purpose of Luke ’ s work is not that clear-cut and sympathizes with other claims, he believes that Luke ’ s work can function as an apology only in the sense that it “ presents a defense of Christianity and Paul ” and may serve to “ clarify the position of Christianity within Jewry and within the Roman Empire .” Pervo disagrees that Luke ’ s work is an apology and even that it could possibly be addressed to Rome because he believes that “ Luke and Acts speak to insiders, believers in Jesus .” Freedman believes that Luke is writing an apology but that his goal is “ not to defend the Christian movement as such but to defend God ’ s ways in history .”

While his views on legitimation are different from Esler, Pervo agrees that Luke ’ s work can be seen as one of legitimation.

While this discussion is limited to the xy-plane, it can easily be extended to higher dimensions.

While they can be a human safety hazard, it is productive for these ecosystems to burn out every once in a while so that new organisms can begin to grow and thrive.

While " distortion " can include arbitrary deformation of an image, the most pronounced modes of distortion produced by conventional imaging optics is " barrel distortion ", in which the center of the image is magnified more than the perimeter ( figure 7a ).

While there may still be many Faulknerian Lucas Beauchamps scattered through the rural South, such men appear to be a vanishing breed.

While the picture was taken, Mr. Miller's disposition to be generous to Mr. Sandburg increased to the point where he advised, ' I won't even charge you the one dollar rental fee ' ''.

While I fully agree with Sir Anthony's contention, I think that we must carry the analysis farther, bearing in mind that while common peril may be the measure of our need, the existence or absence of a positive sense of community must be the measure of our capacity.

While Councilman Olson cited the anticipated increase in school costs in answer to a direct question from a taxpayer, the impact upon a school system does not have to be measured only in increased taxes to find alarm in uncontrolled growth.

While it is easy enough to ridicule Hawkins' pronouncement in Pleas Of The Crown from a metaphysical point of view, the concept of the `` oneness '' of a married couple may reflect an abiding belief that the communion between husband and wife is such that their actions are not always to be regarded by the criminal law as if there were no marriage.

While the regulations formerly required that the hearing officer's report be placed in the registrant's file, this requirement was eliminated in 1952.

While there should be no general age limit or restriction to one sex, there will be particular projects requiring special maturity and some open only to men or to women.

While this may well be true in general, I believe it is also important to keep in mind that some recent developments suggest that over the next year or so military electronics may be one of the most strongly growing areas in an economy which is not expanding rapidly in other directions.

While expensive in time and involving a great deal of adaptation on the part of the worker ( in terms of his willingness to leave the sanctity of his office and enter actively into the client's life ), techniques of accompaniment were found to be of tremendous value when in the service of specific preventive objectives.

While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings of responsibility for his behavior.

While there may be several such industries to which the model of this paper is applicable, the authors make particular claim of relevance to the explanation of the course of wages and prices in the steel industry of the United States since World War 2.

While we, as American artists, believe deeply in the universal character of all intellectual activity, we would be less than honest with you, or ourselves, if we failed to state a specific attitude toward our own society as well as the international community as a whole.

While ATP appears to be necessary for the occurrence of contraction, its presence and enzymatic hydrolysis of it by the muscle protein myosin are not the only criteria for contraction.

While there are still many bugs to be ironed out, the technique is fast developing.

While S.K. did not like Dylan Thomas, I liked his poems very much, but I made the mistake of telling Dylan Thomas so, whereupon he said to me, `` I suppose you think you know all about me ''.

While costs on this order are sometimes separately charged for in residential and commercial rates, in the form of a mere `` service charge '', they are more frequently wholly or partly covered by a minimum charge which entitles the consumer to a very small amount of gas or electricity with no further payment.

While both the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes attacked settlements to seize wealth and other resources, they employed very different strategies.

While citizens voting in the assembly were the people and so were free of review or punishment, those same citizens when holding an office served the people and could be punished very severely.

While comparatively inefficient for low speed use, they are very lightweight and powerful, capable of generating large accelerations and of attaining extremely high speeds with reasonable efficiency.

While in the southern colonies, they could farm almost year round, in the northern colonies, the growing seasons were very restricted.

While the Dines anemometer had an error of only 1 % at it did not respond very well to low winds due to the poor response of the flat plate vane required to turn the head into the wind.

While the region's economy shows high disparities with regard to income, all Central European countries are listed by the Human Development Index as " very high development " countries.

While there, he initiated an important series of historical monographs on the history of Malaya, publishing the very first of the series in 1960.

While generally praised for its fast gameplay and unique mechanics, it ultimately failed to gain a very large market presence.

While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix-ose.

While Clausewitz was intensely aware of the value of intelligence at all levels, he was also very skeptical of the accuracy of much military intelligence: " Many intelligence reports in war are contradictory ; even more are false, and most are uncertain ....

While it is always possible to directly apply the definition of the derivative to compute the derivative of a composite function, this is usually very difficult.

While he continued to be prolific throughout the 1930s and 1940s, he is probably best known for his 1956 film The Ten Commandments ( which is very different from his 1923 film of the same title ).

While Smith was always an artist who worked in several very different media, it is possible to identify three distinct periods in which one form of art had precedence over the others.

While firing a higher quantity of smaller bullets makes it easier to hit a target ( and is therefore good for beginner marksmen ), it offers very little to more advanced marksmen.

The power of making by-laws was “ tacitly annexed to corporations by the very act of their establishment .” While they must not directly contradict the overarching laws of the land, the central or local government cannot be expected to regulate toward the peculiar circumstances of a given body, and so “ they are invested with authority to make regulations for the management of their own interests and affairs .”

While considered a saint in most other branches of Christianity, Clement's veneration is very limited, although the Universal Catholic Church's cathedral in Dallas is dedicated to him.

While other knowledge could be a figment of imagination, deception or mistake, the very act of doubting one's own existence serves to some people as proof of the reality of one's own existence, or at least that of one's thought.

While the roots of the game are very casual and laid back the newer generations of players are taking course design as well as the other elements of the game to a new level.

While the transcription of the Chinese words used by Ricci was not very consistent, he systematically used Latin p and t for unaspirated Chinese sounds that Pinyin renders as b and d. Accordingly, Ricci called the adherents of Laozi, Tausu (, Pinyin: Daoshi ), which was rendered as Tausa in an early English translation published by Samuel Purchas ( 1625 ).

While he lived, Melvil Dewey edited each edition himself: he was followed by other editors who had been very much influenced by him.

While dominatrices come from many different backgrounds, it has been noted that a considerable number are very well-educated, with a recent survey of New York dominatrices revealing that 39 % had attended graduate school / university, including well-regarded institutions such as Columbia University.

While this development makes fine tuners unnecessary, a very small number of bassists use them nevertheless.