Hence it can be considered a special case of cost-effectiveness analysis, and the two terms are often used interchangeably.

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( ICER ) is the ratio between the difference in costs and the difference in benefits of two interventions.

A separate study which compared the relative cost-effectiveness of maggot therapy with hydrogels estimated there was little to choose between the two therapies.

Latest estimates indicate naval strength consists of two combat patrol vessels, three coastal patrol vessels and approximately 30 smaller inshore and river patrol craft allocated to both the navy and the local gendarmerie.

By using the technique called the molecular clock which estimates the time required for the number of divergent mutations to accumulate between two lineages, the approximate date for the split between lineages can be calculated.

This includes two petroleum tankers and four refrigerated cargo vessels ( 1999 estimates ).

Although estimates as to its age vary, they range from over a thousand to nearly two thousand years old.

His funeral was well attended, with estimates of the number of mourners along the two hour march ranging from 15, 000 to over 50, 000.

Benjamin Z. Kedar estimates that there were between three hundred thousand and three hundred and sixty thousand non-Franks in the Kingdom, two hundred and fifty thousand of whom were villagers in the countryside, and " one may assume that Muslims were in the majority in some, possibly most parts of the kingdom of Jerusalem …" As Ronnie Ellenblum points out, there simply is not enough existing evidence to accurately count the population and any estimate is inherently unreliable.

Accurate population estimates of the Florida manatee ( T. manatus ) are notoriously difficult and have been called scientifically weak ; with widely varying counts from year to year, some areas show increases and others decreases, with very little strong evidence of increases except in two areas.

It is unknown how many migrated from the continent to Britain, though estimates for the total number of Anglo-Saxon settlers are around two hundred thousand.

According to the last official count from 2002, Skopje has a population of 506, 926 inhabitants ; according to two unofficial estimates for more recent period, the city has a population of 668, 518 or 491, 000 inhabitants.

It can be illustrated by considering the situation of two people who have identical information regarding ravens and black objects, and who have identical estimates of the

According to this argument, since the two people disagree about their estimates after they have accepted the different hypotheses, accepting " All ravens are black " is not equivalent to accepting " All non-black things are non-ravens "; accepting the former means estimating more things to be black, while accepting the latter involves estimating more things to be non-ravens.

However, the Japanese involvement also marked the connection of the European and African theaters to Second Sino-Japanese War, and estimates cited above ignore the China, whose armies totaled about two million by the end of the war.

This playing tradition may go back only two centuries, to judge by estimates of the age of Russian improvised part-singing in rural areas.

The precise size relative to the Scottish forces is unclear but estimates range from as much as at least two or three times the size of the army Bruce had been able to gather, to as little as only 50 % larger.

The European Technical and Scientific Centre estimates that up to two million counterfeit coins were put into circulation in 2002.

The sea cow grew to at least in length as an adult, much larger than the manatee or dugong ; however, concerning their weight, Steller's work contains two contradictory estimates: The true value is estimated to lie between these figures, at around 8 to 10 t. It looked somewhat like a large seal, but had two stout forelimbs and a whale-like fluke.

The Vatican library has preserved two ancient manuscripts with estimates of the length of the year.

There was a pause of uncertain length ( eyewitness estimates ranged from several seconds to two minutes ), after which the soldiers fired into the crowd.

They faced a Persian army who had invaded from the north of Greece under Xerxes I. Herodotus stated that this army consisted of over two million men ; modern scholars consider this to be an exaggeration and give estimates ranging from 50, 000 to 200, 000.

At the end of World War II, political opposition immediately materialized after occupying Soviet army personnel conducted systematic pillaging and rapes in their zone of then divided Germany, with total rape victim estimates ranging from tens of thousands to two million.

It is one of two principal cities of and included within the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area, which as of 2006 census estimates has a combined population of 107, 702.

The 2004 census estimates that there are now 5, 381 people residing in the village, and Canal Winchester may become a city within the next year or two.

The real change in the past two years has been a new interest and emphasis on the use of IRS in general — with DDT or any other insecticide — as an effective malaria prevention strategy in tropical Africa.

Birds include Osprey, Great Blue Heron, Bald Eagle and Peregrine Falcon, the last two of which were threatened by DDT ; their numbers plummeted but have risen in recent years.

When two wrestlers both hit a DDT on a single opponent by standing either side of the opponent and applying the front facelock before hitting the move.

A double DDT can also refer to two DDTs being performed by one wrestler on two opponents at the same time.

Another reference, also known as stereo DDTs, sees two wrestlers performing a DDT on two different people at the same time.

This prescribed a qualifying period of two years before savers could participate in a residual claim.

In CELP, the modelling is divided in two stages, a linear predictive stage that models the spectral envelope and code-book based model of the residual of the linear predictive model.

Grant handled the matter adroitly and made the most of their friendship, conveying the message to Sherman and ultimately getting his consent to renegotiate the agreement in accordance with the terms at Appomattox, and with no residual hard feelings between the two.

These two types were the first true hard vacuum tubes ; early diodes and triodes performed as such despite a rather high residual gas pressure.

The project had a decompression sickness incidence of 0. 14 % with two workers having long term residual symptoms.

A wireless device used by people who use their residual hearing has two main components.

However, the Alliance failure to win more than the two seats in Ontario, along with residual resentments from the Alliance leadership contest and questions about Stockwell Day's competence, led to caucus infighting.

The basic concept behind any fusion reaction is to bring two or more nuclei close enough together so that the residual strong force ( nuclear force ) in their nuclei will pull them together into one larger nucleus.

Although by 1912 the political distinctions between the two parties had long ceased to have any real meaning, they had been a residual factor in Austen Chamberlain's failure to become the Unionist leader in the House of Commons in 1911.

The French turned over its Lao French Union troops to the new nation ; as a residual effort, it kept two bases in Laos and supplied advisors to the new Lao military.

However, the Alliance failure to win more than the two seats in Ontario, along with residual resentments from the Alliance leadership contest and questions about Day's competence, led to caucus infighting.

The governor and the mining companies, fearing a breakdown in order, left two Guard units in southern Colorado and allowed the coal companies to finance a residual militia consisting largely of CF & I camp guards in National Guard uniforms.

The residual profit split method requires a two step process: first profits are allocated to routine operations, then the residual profit is allocated based on nonroutine contributions of the parties.

By November 1981, Trident had sold all but residual stakes in the two companies ( 15 % and 20 % respectively ).

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients can, in general, resume normal diet and light activity a week after release, with some decreased energy level and minor residual pain continuing for a month or two.

The song is featured in episode five of season two of Being Human as the vampire Mitchell explores his residual humanity, through a relationship with a mortal woman.

The implication within Herbert's last two Dune novels of the ' prescient hold ' that the residual ganglia within the Sandworms ( and presumably Sand Plankton and Sandtrout ) within the ecosphere on Dune, raises an important concept-the pre-Leto Sandworms also possessed ganglia, and therefore also must therefore have exercised a ' prescient hold ' on the Universe in general.

The latest ( May 8 ) Federal budget confirmed the Program will receive extended Commonwealth funding of approximately A $ 10 million for at least another two years, until June 2009, to treat the residual infestations found most recently, and to fund validation of the overall treatment and surveillance program.

The deviance is used to compare two models-in particular in the case of generalized linear models where it has a similar role to residual variance from ANOVA in linear models ( RSS ).

Although the rash usually heals within two to four weeks, some sufferers experience residual nerve pain for months or years, a condition called postherpetic neuralgia.

On two sites in the Coast and Cascade Ranges in western Oregon, 90 % of nest sites were in unmanaged old-growth forests, 4 % were in mature forests, and 6 % were in late-successional forests ( 70 – 80 years ) with 5 or fewer residual old-growth trees per hectare.

Immature males moult into breeding plumage the first breeding season after hatching, though incomplete moulting sometimes leaves residual brownish plumage that takes another year or two to perfect.

: For example, in 2003 ( see table here ), the three biggest parties each got two of the six residual seats, even the VVD ( 150 * 0. 179 = 26. 85, but they got 28 seats, representing 18. 7 % of the seats instead of 17. 9 %), whereas the Socialist Party got none ( 150 * 0. 063 = 9. 45, but they got only 9 seats, representing 6 % of the seats instead of 6. 3 %).