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Page "Frequency modulation" ¶ 9
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frequency and spectrum
Once the operator took his finger off, the player would speed up until its tachometer was back in phase with the master, and as this happened, the phasing effect would appear to slide up the frequency spectrum.
Thermal noise is white noise meaning that the power spectral density is constant throughout the frequency spectrum.
Flicker noise is electronic noise with a 1 / ƒ frequency spectrum ; as f increases, the noise decreases.
Bluetooth uses the microwave radio frequency spectrum in the 2. 402 GHz to 2. 480 GHz range.
A key characteristic of bandwidth is that a band of a given width can carry the same amount of information, regardless of where that band is located in the frequency spectrum.
The frequency chosen is in the visible spectrum near green, corresponding to a wavelength of about 555 nanometers.
In 1967, a specific frequency from the emission spectrum of caesium-133 was chosen to be used in the definition of the second by the International System of Units.
The CMBR has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 2. 725 K, which peaks at the microwave range frequency of 160. 2 GHz, corresponding to a 1. 873 mm wavelength.
A sequence of samples from a measuring device produces a time or spatial domain representation, whereas a discrete Fourier transform produces the frequency domain information, that is the frequency spectrum.
Often the Fourier transform is converted to the power spectrum, which is the magnitude of each frequency component squared.
This means that the radio spectrum is divided into physical channels in two dimensions: frequency and time.
If frequency-hopping is avoided, each base station can provide up to 120 channels in the DECT spectrum before frequency reuse.
The electromagnetic spectrum, in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength, consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.
Since frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional, this is equivalent to saying that the frequency of the light is reduced towards the red part of the light spectrum, giving this phenomenon the name redshift.
( Compare this with Chirp spread spectrum, which uses extremely wide frequency deviations to achieve processing gains comparable to traditional, better-known spread-spectrum modes ).
For the case of a carrier modulated by a single sine wave, the resulting frequency spectrum can be calculated using Bessel functions of the first kind, as a function of the sideband number and the modulation index.
The segment of the radio frequency spectrum used by 802. 11 varies between countries.
ITU is required, according to its Constitution, to allocate spectrum and register frequency allocation, orbital positions and other parameters of satellites,in order to avoid harmful interference between radio stations of different countries ”.
The international spectrum management system is therefore based on regulatory procedures for frequency coordination, notification and registration.
The industrial, scientific and medical ( ISM ) radio bands are radio bands ( portions of the radio spectrum ) reserved internationally for the use of radio frequency ( RF ) energy for industrial, scientific and medical purposes other than communications.
The frequency of introns within different genomes is observed to vary widely across the spectrum of biological organisms.
Infrared spectroscopy ( IR spectroscopy ) is the spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a longer wavelength and lower frequency than visible light.

frequency and actual
Thus the odds of losing symbols appearing on the payline became disproportionate to their actual frequency on the physical reel.
In this period, fortified pā became more common, although there is debate about the actual frequency of warfare.
The actual rate of this growth ( i. e. the slope of the line in the figure ) depends upon the growth conditions, which affect the frequency of cell division events and the probability of both daughter cells surviving.
Noise temperature is generally a function of frequency, unlike that of an ideal resistor which is simply equal to the actual temperature of the resistor at all frequencies.
This means that halving the physical string length does not halve the actual string vibration length, and hence, the overtones will not be exact multiples of a fundamental frequency.
* It eliminates the dependence of a signal's power spectrum upon the actual transmitted data, making it more dispersed to meet maximum power spectral density requirements ( because if the power is concentrated in a narrow frequency band, it can interfere with adjacent channels due to the cross modulation and the intermodulation caused by non-linearities of the receiving tract ).
Therefore, it is believed that the time or frequency of reciprocal actions contribute more to an individual's choice of partner than the actual reciprocal act itself.
The actual amount of attenuation for each frequency varies from filter to filter.
The actual amount of attenuation for each frequency varies from filter to filter.
Therefore we can express all the image frequencies as for any integer N ( with being the actual signal frequency ).
In such cases, the voice may simply be an aid to tuning to the correct frequency, with the actual coded message being sent by modulating the tones, using a technology such as burst transmission.
Low frequency waves can also travel long distances by reflecting from the ionosphere ( the actual mechanism is one of refraction ), although this method, called skywave or " skip " propagation, is not as common as at higher frequencies.
Thus, frequencies close to the Nyquist frequency may be distorted in the sampling and reconstruction process, so the bandwidth should be kept below the Nyquist frequency by some margin ( frequency headroom ) that depends on the actual filters used.
The adaptive filter would take input both from the patient and from the power supply directly and would thus be able to track the actual frequency of the noise as it fluctuates.
This means that measures the deviation between the requested frequency function of the filter,, and the actual frequency function of the realized filter,.
Many manufacturers publish the speed of the FSB in MHz, but often do not use the actual physical clock frequency but the theoretical effective data rate ( which is commonly called megatransfers per second or MT / s ).
This is because the actual speed is determined by how many transfers can be performed by each clock cycle as well as by the clock frequency.
Although the reactance at the feedpoint can be cancelled using such an element length, the feed-point impedance is very high, and is highly dependent on the diameter of the conductor ( which makes only a small difference at the actual resonant frequency ).
One IEEE 802. 11 WAP can typically communicate with 30 client systems located within a radius of 103 m. However, the actual range of communication can vary significantly, depending on such variables as indoor or outdoor placement, height above ground, nearby obstructions, other electronic devices that might actively interfere with the signal by broadcasting on the same frequency, type of antenna, the current weather, operating radio frequency, and the power output of devices.
The low roll-off during measurement of actual frequency of acoustic cycles results in miscalculation due to actual hydraulic cycles in the possible ranges of 1-1000 MHz or higher.

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