Saponification can occur in oil paintings over time, causing visible damage and deformation.

Saponification does not occur in all oil paintings containing the right materials.

* Saponification bloom, a chalky white efflorescence on an old oil painting

Saponification is a process that produces soap, usually from fats and lye.

Saponification to the sodium salt of myristic acid takes place with NaOH in water.

Saponification value ( or " saponification number "/" Koettstorfer number ", also referred to as " sap " in short ) represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify 1g of fat under the conditions specified.

The curtains were of the same material, and there were some big oil paintings -- portraits in the style of Lancret and Boucher.

It was because of this chain-reaction as much as for any other reason -- that is, because of the growing independence of the planar unit in collage as a shape -- that the identity of depicted objects, or at least parts of them, re-emerged in Braque's and Picasso's papiers colles and continued to remain more conspicuous there -- but only as flattened silhouettes -- than in any of their paintings done wholly in oil before the end of 1913.

The Battle is now in the Alte Pinakothek, which has the best collection of Altdorfer's paintings, including also his small St. George and the Dragon ( 1510 ), in oil on parchment, where the two figures are tiny and almost submerged in the lush, dense forest that towers over them.

Another small oil on parchment, Danube Landscape with Castle Wörth ( c. 1520 ) is one of the earliest accurate topographical paintings of a particular building in its setting, of a type that was to become a cliché in later centuries.

To make a little extra money beyond what his pension and scripting earnings brought in, Barks started doing oil paintings to sell at the local art shows where he and Garé exhibited.

This prompted Barks to contact George Sherman at Disney's Publications Department to request permission to produce and sell oil paintings of scenes from his stories.

Twelve oil paintings date from his stay in Upper Norwood and are listed and illustrated in the catalogue raisonné prepared jointly by his fifth child Ludovic-Rodolphe Pissarro and Lionello Venturi and published in 1939.

There are remarkable suites of Flemish tapestries, and paintings, among which the most famous is the Ecce Homo by Antonello da Messina ( 1473 ), but which also include panels by Jan Provoost and other Flemish artists, oil paintings by Domenico Maria Viani and Francesco Solimena.

Giger got his start with small ink drawings before progressing to oil paintings.

The term covers large paintings in oil on canvas or fresco produced between the Renaissance and the late 19th century, after which the term is generally not used even for the many works that still meet the basic definition.

The wall surfaces to be covered being vast, a number of paintings were in fact done in oil on canvas.

Pastels which have used pigments which change color or tone when exposed to light have suffered the same problems as can be seen in some oil paintings using the same pigment.

Because it cannot be applied in thick layers as oil paints can, tempera paintings rarely have the deep color saturation that oil paintings can achieve.

In just over a decade, he produced more than 2, 100 artworks, consisting of 860 oil paintings and more than 1, 300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints.

Several paintings with oil on canvas, woodcuts and copper etchings depict Sebastian Münster, by Hans Holbein d. J.

Besides that he produced more than 1, 000 oil paintings that remained unsold up to his death in 1908.

The process was used widely in England from the mid-eighteenth century, to reproduce oil paintings and portraits.

In addition to acting, Gaynor was an accomplished visual artist and her oil paintings were featured at the Wally Findlay Galleries show in New York, March 25 to April 7, 1977.

The medium is not limited to just simple designs ; it can be used to create complex paintings, just as in other media such as oil and acrylic.

Making paintings with oil and watercolor was a new form of art to the Taos Pueblo who traditionally painted objects such as hides or inside buildings, such as on the walls of a kiva, but one embraced by artists such as Albert Looking Elk, Albert Lujan, Juan Mirabal and Juanito Concha.

In 1899, Couse exhibited three paintings at the Boston Art Club: A Cayuse Indian ( oil ), Maternity ( oil ), and Yakima Encampment ( oil ).

It was payday for Highlands, and he was packing a lot of money back into the oil fields.

Hanging over the bar was an oil painting of a nude Al had accepted from a student at the Corcoran Gallery who needed to eat and drink and was broke.

Now, driving the horse and sulky borrowed from Mynheer Schuyler, he felt as if every bone was topped by burning oil and that every muscle was ready to dissolve into jelly and leave his big body helpless and unable to move.

This was an enormously long building whose walls were made of rocks, some of them brought home from every continent during his six years as an oil geologist.

He was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Associate in the oil class in 1931 ( after receiving his first Ranger Fund Purchase Prize at the Academy in 1930 ), and elevated to Academicianship in 1940.

This has survived the years but there has been considerable concern among the tenants over the fact that the oil was not metered.

Common complaints included `` Mrs. Murphy '' leaving her windows open all the time, a fresh air fan, or the family was visiting `` Aunt Minnie '' with the house shut up but they still paid the same rate for oil.

She was the daughter and sole heiress of either a cattle baron or an oil millionaire and, having arrived in New York with a big bank roll, became a dabbler in various fields.

Another remedy was oil of eucalyptus, used as well for chilblains.

Almond oil, another nondrying oil, was once used extensively in perfumery to extract flower fragrances.

Exports from producing countries in terms of equivalent oil were a little more than 1 million tons, about half of which was palm kernels or oil from them and about half was palm oil.

Not included was the value of seed oil in paints and varnishes or the value of the coffee and chocolate industries that are based on imported seed or seed products.

Buzz had on a Hawaiian shirt and was carrying some sun-tan oil and dark glasses.

By 1850, Luanda was one of the greatest and most developed Portuguese cities in the vast Portuguese Empire outside Mainland Portugal, full of trading companies, exporting ( together with Benguela ) palm and peanut oil, wax, copal, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa, among many other products.

Instead, the value of the AMD was kept high, out of a fear of inflation and concern about alienating the powerful government-connected importers of oil, sugar, flour, cigarettes and beverages.