Saponification does not occur in all oil paintings containing the right materials.

Saponification in oil paintings was first described in 1997.

* Saponification bloom, a chalky white efflorescence on an old oil painting

Saponification is a process that produces soap, usually from fats and lye.

Saponification to the sodium salt of myristic acid takes place with NaOH in water.

Saponification value ( or " saponification number "/" Koettstorfer number ", also referred to as " sap " in short ) represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify 1g of fat under the conditions specified.

Once we have made clear that we are genuinely concerned with a country's development potential, we can be blunt in suggesting the technical conditions that must be met for development to occur.

Since the writer had not noticed this characteristic in married students scattered throughout the various sections previous to this experiment, nor, as a matter of fact, in those who were continuing in `` single sections '', he can only conclude that there must have been something `` contagious '' within the specific group which caused this to occur.

Thus, for non-negative changes in the basic wage rate, the industry becomes the active wage-setter, since any increase in the basic wage rate can occur only by reason of industry acquiescence.

If the coating becomes still thicker, a peeling type failure finally can occur.

It should be recalled that these three mechanisms can occur on the same coating deposited upon the same substrate merely as a function of changes in coatings thickness.

One seed-to-seed life cycle for an annual can occur in as little as a month in some species, though most last several months.

This is not the most general situation of a Cartesian product of a family of sets, where a same set can occur more than once as a factor ; however, one can focus on elements of such a product that select the same element every time a given set appears as factor, and such elements correspond to an element of the Cartesian product of all distinct sets in the family.

Anxiety is a generalized mood that can occur without an identifiable triggering stimulus.

In the polytonic orthography of Greek, alpha, like other vowel letters, can occur with several diacritic marks: any of three accent symbols (), and either of two breathing marks (), as well as combinations of these.

The three types of ataxia have overlapping causes, and therefore can either coexist or occur in isolation.

In theory it can occur only in nuclei somewhat heavier than nickel ( element 28 ), where overall binding energy per nucleon is no longer a minimum, and the nuclides are therefore unstable toward spontaneous fission-type processes.

Heavy snowfall can occur, such as during the New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm and the 1993 Storm of the Century.

The usual symptoms are cough and sputum production, and secondary infections can occur.

Allergic skin reactions can also occur.

Adiabatic processes can occur if the container of the system has thermally-insulated walls or the process happens in an extremely short time, so that there is no opportunity for significant heat exchange.

Similar to the United States, there is a wide range of the type of Assault that can occur.

It can also occur when a person attempts to apply such force, or threatens to do so, without the consent of the other person.

However, he thinks that these too occur out of necessity since an outside observer can see the same regularity that he would in a purely physical system.

This means that opaque ( if not minimal ) contrasts can occur in languages like Italian ( with the i-like sound of piede ' foot ', appearing in the nucleus:, and that of piano ' slow ', appearing in the syllable onset: ) and Spanish ( with a near minimal pair being abyecto ' abject ' and abierto ' opened ').

Thunderstorms can occur between October and March, and annual rainfall is 623 millimetres ( 24. 5 in ), with rainfall highest in spring and summer and lowest in winter.

When used appropriately, opioids and similar narcotic analgesics are otherwise safe and effective, however risks such as addiction and the body becoming used to the drug ( tolerance ) can occur.

Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell, and a membrane-bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B cell receptor ( BCR ).

The carrier is never shut off altogether ; this is to ensure that intercarrier sound demodulation can still occur.

Failure of the adhesive joint can occur in different locations

1 large onion, chopped fine 2 tablespoons salad oil 1 8-oz. can crushed pineapple and 1/2 cup of the juice 1/4 cup brown sugar 2 tablespoons vinegar 1 tablespoon prepared mustard 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce pineapple chunks

Then during washing, the greasy soil rolls back at the edges so that emulsified droplets can disengage themselves from the sorbed oil mass, with the aid of mechanical action, and enter the aqueous phase.

Only ordained priests can administer it, and " any priest may carry the holy oil with him, so that in a case of necessity he can administer the sacrament of anointing of the sick.

The Catechism of the Episcopal Church of the United States of America includes Unction of the Sick as among the " other sacramental rites " and it states that unction can be done with oil or simply with laying on of hands.

Depending on how much the paint is diluted ( with water ) or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique characteristics not attainable with other media.

Highly pigmented with a focus on single pigment colors for the cleanest mixing results, they tend to have viscosity similar to oil paints and can thus hold a brush stroke for impasto applications.

This slow drying aspect of oil can be seen as an advantage for certain techniques, but in other regards it impedes the artist trying to work quickly.

While canvas needs to be properly sized and primed before painting with oil ( otherwise it will eventually rot the canvas ), acrylic can be safely applied to raw canvas.

Other impacted resources, such as oil reserves and the retention of the local watershed, can often be cheaply conserved by thoughtful designs.

Pollution can occur from a number of sources: garbage and industrial debris ; the transportation of petroleum in tankers, increasing the probability of large oil spills ; small oil spills created by large and small vessels, which flush bilge water into the ocean.

As most oil and gas has been in place for millions to tens of millions of years, depleted oil and gas reservoirs can contain carbon dioxide for millennia.

Identified possible problems are the many ' leak ' opportunities provided by old oil wells, the need for high injection pressures and acidification which can damage the geological barrier.

Since the surfaces of a wet clutch can be slippery ( as with a motorcycle clutch bathed in engine oil ), stacking multiple clutch discs can compensate for the lower coefficient of friction and so eliminate slippage under power when fully engaged.

Bergapten in the seeds can increase photosensitivity, so the use of essential oil externally in bright sunshine should be avoided.

The oil and large doses of seeds should be avoided during pregnancy, as they can act as a uterine stimulant.

Excessive connecting rod clearance, combined with extremely high oil pump output ( rare but not impossible ) can sling enough oil to coat the cylinder walls with enough oil to facilitate reasonable piston ring seal artificially give a misleadingly high figure, on engines with compromised ring seal.

If a compression test does give a low figure, and it has been determined it is not due to intake valve closure / camshaft characteristics, then one can differentiate between the cause being valve / seat seal issues and ring seal by squirting engine oil into the spark plug orifice, in a quantity sufficient to disperse across the piston crown and the circumference of the top ring land, and thereby effect the mentioned seal.

Dill oil can be extracted from the leaves, stems and seeds of the plant.

This oil can contaminate surfaces inside the chamber or upon contact with hot filaments or electrical discharges may result in carbonaceous or siliceous deposits.