By showing how simple unintelligent forces can ratchet up designs of extraordinary complexity without invoking outside design, Darwin showed that an intelligent designer was not the necessary conclusion to draw from complexity in nature.

By invoking the Stayman convention, the responder takes control of the bidding since strength and distribution of the opener's hand is already known within a limited range.

By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of miracle or magic ( see Luke 9: 49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus.

By virtue of the large bandwidths inherent in UWB systems, large channel capacities could be achieved in principle ( given sufficient SNR ) without invoking higher-order modulations requiring a very high SNR.

By this, he was invoking the terms of Baldwin IV's will, terms already broken by Guy and Sibylla: in the event of the death of his nephew Baldwin V it had been Baldwin's will that Baldwin V's " most rightful heirs " were to hold the regency until the succession could be settled by the King of England, the King of France, and the Holy Roman Emperor.

By invoking the variational method, one can derive a set of N-coupled equations for the N spin orbitals.

By revealing she was using magic and not the powers of a god ( by casting a spell of his own ), Raistlin proved that she was a charlatan, destroying her cult and at the same time invoking the wrath of the townspeople against himself, coming dangerously close to being burned at the stake.

By invoking reductio ad Hitlerum, an opponent's view is ridiculed even though the comparison may be relevant.

By invoking the state secrets privilege in cases involving actions taken in the war on terror ( i. e. extraordinary rendition, allegations of torture, allegedly violating the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ) Greenwald opines the administration tried to evade judicial review of these claims of exceptional war powers.

By contrast, the gambler's fallacy incorrectly assumes that the coin is now " due " for a run of tails, to balance out.

By creating a false dichotomy that presents one option which is obviously advantageous — while at the same time being completely implausible — a person using the nirvana fallacy can attack any opposing idea because it is imperfect.

By mid-1944, Allied fighters had gained air superiority throughout the theater, which would not be contested again during the war.

By 1844, the Whigs began their recovery by nominating Henry Clay, who lost to Democrat James K. Polk in a closely contested race, with Polk's policy of western expansion ( particularly the annexation of Texas ) and free trade triumphing over Clay's protectionism and caution over the Texas question.

By law, the result of the election can be contested by any individual who files suit at any time up to 10 days after any inauguration, thereby making January 22 the latest date to have filed any suit.

By 1304, Yury of Moscow contested with Mikhail of Tver for the throne of the principality of Vladimir.

By the early Muromachi period, the area was a highly contested region highly fragmented by various samurai clans.

By his will he left his estates to Lord Edmund Howard ( later Talbot ), son of the Duke of Norfolk, but the will was contested by three distant relatives and after a long and expensive legal case the House of Lords ruled in 1860 in favour of Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 3rd Earl Talbot, who thus became the eighteenth Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford.

By the early Muromachi period, the area was a highly contested region highly fragmented by various samurai clans.

By 1864 the race report comments: The race continues under modified conditions to this day, and is believed to be the oldest continuously contested sporting event.

In total, the Columbus area lined up about $ 4. 5 million in special money .... By comparison, Portland, Ore .— a similar-sized metropolitan area with no contested Congressional seats — was to receive $ 625, 000 in earmarks.

By the 1982 / 1983 season many more tournaments were being contested, and it seemed reasonable to take those results into consideration as well.

By the northern winter of 1908-09, an Australian touring party was heading for Great Britain, and the test series was dubbed " The Ashes " by the press, in imitation of The Ashes cricket matches, contested by Australia and England.

By the 1980s the Foley Shield competition was still fiercely contested, however, North Queensland sides were also selected for the Queensland State League competition.

By 1900, Balvanera was associated mostly with violently contested elections — and with the brothels in the Junín y Lavalle area where, according to Borges, the tango dance acquired its notorious erotic overtones.

By late 1791, some weeks after the revolutionary outbreak, Jean-François and Biassou set their rivalry aside in order to oppose Jeannot, who not only massacred the French but also all the black soldiers that contested his authority.

By 2000 the white majority of South Carolina voted solidly Republican in presidential elections, but state and local government elections were contested by the two parties.

By the time of its demise, the football section had contested more than 500 matches.

By the 1990s, with control of the newspaper contested, they traded at thousands of rupees each.

By the Sengoku period, it was a contested border area of Owari province and the site of the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.

By contrast, the National Union Party was united and energized as Lincoln made emancipation the central issue, and state Republican parties stressed the perfidy of the Copperheads.

By his mistress Theodora Komnene, Andronikos I had the following issue:

By July 2008 various blogs referred to " an e-mail " from a colleague of the band's attorney that suggested the issue was " amicably resolved ".

By the early 18th century, other publishers began to issue collections of dances as well ; a conservative estimate of the number of dances in the English style published between 1651 and 1810 would run to around 20, 000.

By far the most important issue to counter-revolutionary women was the passage and the enforcement of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy in 1790.

By degrees, however, Justinian came to understand that the formula at issue not only appeared orthodox, but might also serve as a conciliatory measure toward the Monophysites, and he made a vain attempt to do this in the religious conference with the followers of Severus of Antioch, in 533.

By its own action, the State raised the issue of the poor or the State relief of the indigent.

By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a legal remedy, and if successful, the court will issue judgment in favor of the plaintiff and make the appropriate court order ( e. g., an order for damages ).

By stating what claims and defenses are at issue, pleadings establish the issues to be decided by the court.

By contrast, teasing never touches on the core issue, never makes a serious criticism judging the target with irony ; it never harms the target's conduct, ideology and position of power ; it never undermines the perception of his morality and cultural dimension.

By 1996, however, the issue had been set aside, with Italy renouncing any revision of the Treaty of Osimo, allowing a significant improvement in relations.

By confronting the issue and Carolyn's " superficial investments in others ", Lester is trying to " regain a voice in a home that respects the voices of mother and daughter ".

By contrast, Edward did not issue his writs of service, calling upon 21, 540 men, until 27 May 1314.

By 1675 George's eldest uncle had died without issue, but his remaining two uncles had married, putting George's inheritance in jeopardy as his uncles ' estates might pass to their own sons, should they have had any, instead of to George.

By the terms of the English Act of Settlement 1701, George's mother, Sophia, was designated as the heir to the English throne if the then reigning monarch ( William III ) and his sister-in-law, Princess Anne of Denmark ( later Queen Anne ) died without surviving issue.

By making the binomial parameter depend on a random event, he cleverly escapes a philosophical quagmire that was an issue he most likely was not even aware of.

By 1851, at the second National Women's Rights Convention in Worcester, Massachusetts, the issue of women's right to vote had become a central tenet of the women's rights movement.

By his second wife, Catherine née Fenton, the 1st Earl of Cork had the following issue:

By removing the jurisdiction of federal courts, including the Supreme Court, from cases involving the Pledge, this legislation sets a dangerous precedent: threatening religious liberty, compromising the vital system of checks and balances upon which our government was founded, and granting Congress the authority to strip the courts ' jurisdiction on any issue it wishes.

By the second issue, the Dennis and Mr. Wilson series was re-christened Dennis the Menace and His Friends which now involved Dennis, Mr. Wilson and friends, Joey, Margaret and dog, Ruff.

However the parliament in Ankara rejected any compromise on this issue. By 1920, Van fell under Turkish control again and its remaining Armenian inhabitants were expelled in a final round of ethnic cleansing.

By then the mujtahid would be able to issue his own edicts from the sources of Islamic religious laws: the Qur ' an, the Sunnah, ijmāʻ, and ' aql (" intellect ", rather than the Sunnī principle of qiyas ).

By the third issue in the fall of 1993 the " Net Surf " column began listing interesting FTP sites, Usenet newsgroups, and email addresses, at a time when the numbers of these things were small and this information was still extremely novel to the public.

By Act of Parliament, the company was granted the right to issue £ 1, 150 of new stock for every £ 100 of annuity which was surrendered.

By the end of Philip's reign, however, both John and he had fallen out over the issue of new monies and commitments to how they were spent, and both their attentions were focused on managing the challenge of the Shepherds ' Crusade.