The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

in engineering, math, psychology ), ( See also Prometheus Rising.

Parsons released titles under his name ( Try Anything Once, On Air, The Time Machine, and A Valid Path ), while Woolfson made concept albums named Freudiana ( about Sigmund Freud's work on psychology ) and Poe: More Tales of Mystery and Imagination ( continuing from the Alan Parsons Project's first album about Edgar Allan Poe's literature ).

* Flow ( psychology ), a state of total mental " absorption "

While there has been a fair amount of scientific research on the psychology of older board games ( e. g., chess, go, mancala ), less has been done on contemporary board games such as Monopoly, Scrabble, and Risk.

In 1879, Peirce was appointed Lecturer in logic at the new Johns Hopkins University, which was strong in a number of areas that interested him, such as philosophy ( Royce and Dewey did their PhDs at Hopkins ), psychology ( taught by G. Stanley Hall and studied by Joseph Jastrow, who coauthored a landmark empirical study with Peirce ), and mathematics ( taught by J. J. Sylvester, who came to admire Peirce's work on mathematics and logic ).

Secondly, cyberspace is the site of computer-mediated communication ( CMC ), in which online relationships and alternative forms of online identity were enacted, raising important questions about the social psychology of internet use, the relationship between " online " and " offline " forms of life and interaction, and the relationship between the " real " and the virtual.

Core concepts are: ( 1 ) That critical social theory should be directed at the totality of society in its historical specificity ( i. e. how it came to be configured at a specific point in time ), and ( 2 ) That critical theory should improve understanding of society by integrating all the major social sciences, including geography, economics, sociology, history, political science, anthropology, and psychology.

While a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago ( 1945 – 57 ), Rogers helped to establish a counseling center connected with the university and there conducted studies to determine the effectiveness of his methods.

He taught psychology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison ( 1957 – 63 ), during which time he wrote one of his best-known books, On Becoming a Person ( 1961 ).

* Cognitivism ( psychology ), a psychological approach to understanding the mind which argues that mental function can be understood as the ' internal ' manipulation of symbols.

Many theoretical perspectives attempt to explain development ; among the most prominent are: Jean Piaget's Stage Theory, Lev Vygotsky's Social constructivism ( and its heirs, the Cultural Theory of Development of Michael Cole, and the Ecological Systems Theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner ), Albert Bandura's Social learning theory, and the information processing framework employed by cognitive psychology.

In his professorial doctoral dissertation, On the Concept of Number ( 1886 ) and in his Philosophy of Arithmetic ( 1891 ), Husserl sought, by employing Brentano's descriptive psychology, to define the natural numbers in a way that advanced the methods and techniques of Karl Weierstrass, Richard Dedekind, Georg Cantor, Gottlob Frege, and other contemporary mathematicians.

Proponents of EP suggest that it seeks to integrate psychology into the other natural sciences, rooting it in the organizing theory of biology ( evolutionary theory ), and thus understanding psychology as a branch of biology.

* Host ( psychology ), " personality " emphasized in treating dissociative identity disorder

A new definition of hypnosis, derived from academic psychology, was provided in 2005, when the Society for Psychological Hypnosis, Division 30 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ), published the following formal definition:

Following the French committee's findings, in his Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind ( 1818 ), Dugald Stewart, an influential academic philosopher of the " Scottish School of Common Sense ", encouraged physicians to salvage elements of Mesmerism by replacing the supernatural theory of " animal magnetism " with a new interpretation based upon " common sense " laws of physiology and psychology.

" Nonstate theorists rejected the idea of hypnotic trance and interpret the effects of hypnotism as due to a combination of multiple task-specific factors derived from normal cognitive, behavioural, and social psychology, such as social role-perception and favorable motivation ( Sarbin ), active imagination and positive cognitive set ( Barber ), response expectancy ( Kirsch ), and the active use of task-specific subjective strategies ( Spanos ).

Luce, in Sense without Matter ( 1954 ), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernising his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature.

As evident by its name, I – O psychology has historically subsumed two broad areas of study that investigate the nature of the person ( individual-differences psychology ) and the nature of the situation or context ( social psychology ), although this distinction is artificial, as many topics in I-O psychology are informed by both of these general areas.

* Aliens ( Kaypro video game ), a text-only clone of Space Invaders written for the CP / M operating system

* Animals ( comedy ), a stand-up show written and performed by Ricky Gervais

In computer systems, an algorithm is basically an instance of logic written in software by software developers to be effective for the intended " target " computer ( s ), in order for the target machines to produce output from given input ( perhaps null ).

An abugida ( from Ge ‘ ez አቡጊዳ ’ äbugida ), also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant – vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

According to Lovecraft's " History of the Necronomicon " ( written 1927, first published 1938 ), Alhazred was:

Since in oral languages the elements of sound are for the most part produced linearly in time ( that is, in a word like cat the a sound comes after the c sound, and the t sound comes after that ), they can generally be easily written in a linear ( one-dimensional ) writing system such as an alphabet.

In the International System of Units ( SI ), the standard unit of area is the square metre ( written as m < sup > 2 </ sup >), which is the area of a square whose sides are one metre long.

He directed the films Zapata: The Dream of a Hero, Like Water for Chocolate ( adapted from the novel written by his ex-wife Laura Esquivel ), A Walk in the Clouds with Keanu Reeves and Anthony Quinn, and the Hallmark Hall of Fame production A Painted House, adapted from the John Grisham novel of the same name.

* The Abduction ( novel ), 1987, also called Bortførelsen, written in Norwegian by Mette Newth, translated into English by Steven T. Murray and Tiina Nunnally

" Amazing Grace " is a Christian hymn with words written by the English poet and clergyman John Newton ( 1725 – 1807 ), published in 1779.

The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek feminine noun a-re-ka-sa-da-ra ( transliterated as Alexandra ), written in Linear B syllabic script.

If a description of s, d ( s ), is of minimal length ( i. e. it uses the fewest number of characters ), it is called a minimal description of s. Thus, the length of d ( s ) ( i. e. the number of characters in the description ) is the Kolmogorov complexity of s, written K ( s ).

Alfonso XIII appears as " King Buby " in Luis Coloma's story of Ratoncito Pérez ( 1894 ), which was written for the King when he was 8 years old.

Fibonacci, a mathematician born in the Republic of Pisa who had studied in Béjaïa ( Bougie ), Algeria, promoted the Indian numeral system in Europe with his book Liber Abaci, written in 1202:

Astoria ( 1835 ), written while Irving was Astor's guest, cemented the importance of the region in the American psyche .< ref > In his Introduction to the rambling work, Irving reports that Astor explicitly " expressed a regret that the true nature and extent of his enterprize

Differences between the two include pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary ( lexis ), spelling, punctuation, idioms, formatting of dates and numbers, although the differences in written and most spoken grammar structure tend to be much less than those of other aspects of the language in terms of mutual intelligibility.

Naamani Tarkow has written: " If one is to make sweeping statements, one may say that, save Magna Carta ( more truly, its implications ), the Act of Settlement is probably the most significant statute in English history ".

2 Maccabees 2: 4-10, written around 100 BC, says that the prophet Jeremiah, " being warned by God " before the Babylonian invasion, took the Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Altar of Incense, and buried them in a cave on Mount Nebo ( Jordan ), informing those of his followers who wished to find the place that it should remain unknown " until the time that God should gather His people again together, and receive them unto mercy.

One of the first great autobiographies of the Renaissance is that of the sculptor and goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini ( 1500 – 1571 ), written between 1556 and 1558, and entitled by him simply Vita ( Italian: Life ).

His small instrumental output includes two piano concerti, a concerto for organ written in 1773, a concerto for flute, oboe and orchestra ( 1774 ), and a set of twenty-six variations on La follia di Spagna ( 1815 ).

As in so many programming languages, the operation ( V, x ) is often written V ← x ( or some similar notation ), and ( V ) is implied whenever a variable V is used in a context where a value is required.

Other well-known Berg compositions include the Lyric Suite ( 1926 ), which was later shown to employ elaborate cyphers to document a secret love affair ; the extraordinarily elaborate post-Mahlerian Three Pieces for Orchestra ( completed in 1915 but not performed until after Wozzeck ); and the Chamber Concerto ( Kammerkonzert, 1923 – 25 ) for violin, piano and 13 wind instruments: this latter is written so conscientiously that Pierre Boulez has called it " Berg's strictest composition " and it, too, is permeated by cyphers and posthumously disclosed hidden programs.

Although anthems were written in the Elizabethan period by Tallis ( 1505 – 1585 ), Byrd ( 1539 – 1623 ), and others, they are not mentioned in the Book of Common Prayer until 1662, when the famous rubric " In quires and places where they sing here followeth the Anthem " first appears.