* 1565 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer ( d. 1599 )

* 1565 – Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.

Conrad von Gesner ( 1516 – 1565 ) and Nicholas Culpeper ( 1616 – 1654 ) also published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants.

* 1565 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist ( b. 1516 )

There have been six non-imperial families who have controlled Japanese emperors: the Soga ( 530s – 645 ), the Fujiwara ( 850s – 1070 ), the Taira ( for a relatively short period ), the Minamoto ( and Kamakura bakufu ) ( 1192 – 1333 ), the Ashikaga ( 1336 – 1565 ) and the Tokugawa ( 1603 – 1867 ).

* 1522 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician ( d. 1565 )

1565 – 21 January 1628 ) was a German composer.

* 1565 – Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Islamic sultanates of the Deccan, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the Indian subcontinent.

* 1565 – Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.

* 1565 – Adrianus Turnebus, French scholar ( b. 1512 )

* 1647 – Francis Meres, English writer ( b. 1565 )

* 1565 – Turgut Reis ( Dragut ), commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Siege of Malta.

* 1565 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, Scotland.

*** Florida, 1565 – 1763

The Peace Party, however, had its own armed forces – scattered bands of household troops ( Hofleute ) under diverse command, which only united in action in 1565 ( Battle of Pärnu, 1565 and Siege of Reval, 1565 ), in 1570 – 1571 ( Siege of Reval, 1570-1571 ; 30 weeks ), and in 1574 – 1576 ( first on Sweden ’ s side, then came the sale of Wiek to the Danish Crown, and the loss of the territory to Tsardom of Russia ).

In 1565, Spanish forces led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés drove the French from northeastern Florida, killing Ribault and approximately 350 other French colonists.

It was sacked by the Spanish led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés who then established the settlement of St. Augustine on September 20, 1565.

* Pedro Fernandes de Queirós ( 1565 – 1614 ) – Portuguese navigator at the service of the Spanish Crown.

* Pedro Menéndez de Avilés ( Florida, 1565 – 1567 )

Pedro Fernandes de Queirós (), ( 1565 – 1614 ) was a Portuguese navigator best known for his involvement with Spanish voyages of discovery in the Pacific Ocean, in particular the 1595-1596 voyage of Alvaro de Mendaña de Neira, and for leading a 1605-1606 expedition which crossed the Pacific in search of Terra Australis.

* Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Portuguese-born navigator ( born 1565 )

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés called it Tequesta in 1565.

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés ( 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574 ) was an Asturian ( northern region in the Iberian Peninsula ) admiral and explorer, best remembered for founding St. Augustine, Florida in 1565.

The atoll was also known as Schantz Islands after Johan Eberhard von Schantz, who discovered the islands on his circumnavigation of the globe on the Imperial Russian Navy ship America in 1835, although the Manila galleon San Pedro under the command of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi is also recorded as having visited the island in 1565.

The European city of St. Augustine was founded by the admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés for the Spanish Crown in 1565 on the site of a former Native American village.

When Miguel López de Legazpi completed the conquest of the Philippines in 1565, he sent his flagship, the San Pedro, back to New Spain, with orders to survey and chart a practicable route for ships returning from the Islands.

More successful was Pedro Menéndez de Avilés's St. Augustine, founded in 1565 ; St. Augustine remains the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the continental United States.

It is the birthplace of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, a soldier on the army of Felipe II, who explored Florida in the 16th century and founded in 1565 the first successful ( continuously populated ) European town in what is now the United States, San Augustín ( now St. Augustine, Florida ).

A highly influential figure in Brazil's history in the 1st century after its discovery on April 22, 1500 by a Portuguese fleet commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral, Anchieta was one of the founders of São Paulo, in 1554, and Rio de Janeiro, in 1565.

In 1565, Spanish forces led by Pedro Menendez de Aviles drove the French from northeastern Florida, slaughtering Ribault and approximately 350 other French colonists.

Historian Brett Hilder has written of “ ardent spirits in Peru, inspiring three Spanish voyages to the south west Pacific in the forty years from 1565 to 1605 .” One of these ardent spirits was certainly Spanish soldier Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa who arrived in Peru in 1557.

* 1565: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés for Florida.

La Asunción was founded in 1565 by Captain Pedro Cervantes de Albornoz and has a current population of approx 28, 500 inhabitants.

An early observation of fluorescence was described in 1560 by Bernardino de Sahagún and in 1565 by Nicolás Monardes in the infusion known as lignum nephriticum ( Latin for " kidney wood ").

Despite Magellan ’ s visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until 1565 by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.

* 1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.

* 1629 – Jacob de Gheyn II, Dutch artist ( b. 1565 )

In 1565 Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Guam and took possession of the islands in the name of the Spanish Crown.

It appears the story was spread by Hubert Languet, who served as de Saxe under Emperor Charles V and then under the Prince of Orange, who claimed in 1565 that Vesalius was performing an autopsy on an aristocrat in Spain when it was found that the heart was still beating, leading to the Inquisition condemning him to death.

* May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch architect and sculptor ( b. 1565 )

de: 1565

* August – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer ( b. 1565 )

* August 15 – Led by Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano, a Spanish missionary colony of 1, 500 men, on 13 ships, arrives from Vera Cruz at Pensacola Bay, founding the oldest European settlement in the mainland U. S. ( St. Augustine is founded in 1565.

** Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher ( d. 1565 )

** Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist and author ( d. 1565 )

The Medici produced four Popes of the Catholic Church — Pope Leo X ( 1513 – 1521 ), Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 1534 ), Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 1565 ), and Pope Leo XI ( 1605 ); two regent queens of France — Catherine de ' Medici ( 1547 – 1559 ) and Marie de ' Medici ( 1600 – 1610 ); and, in 1531, the family became hereditary Dukes of Florence.

The city is named for Jean Parisot de la Valette, who succeeded in defending the island from an Ottoman invasion in 1565.

Some well known architects of the period were Jacob van Campen ( 1595 – 1657 ), Lieven de Key ( c. 1560 – 1627 ) and Hendrik de Keyser ( 1565 – 1621 ).

* García de Castro, Lope, Despatch, Lima, 6 March 1565, Gobernantes del Perú, cartas y papeles, Siglo XVI, Documentos del Archivo de Indias, Coleción de Publicaciones Históricas de la Biblioteca del Congreso Argentino, ed.

Dordrecht around 1565, by Jacob van DeventerIn 1572, four years into the Dutch Revolt, representatives of all the cities of Holland, with the exception of Amsterdam, as well as the Watergeuzen, represented by William II de la Marck, gathered in Dordrecht to hold the Eerste Vrije Statenvergadering (" First Assembly of the Free States "), also known as the Unie van Dordrecht (" Union of Dordrecht ").

From 1565 through 1567, Mem de Sá, a Portuguese colonial official and the third Governor General of Brazil, successfully destroyed a ten year-old French colony called France Antarctique, at Guanabara Bay.