* 1577 – Christian IV of Denmark and Norway ( d. 1648 )

* 1648 – Johann Michael Bach, German composer ( d. 1694 )

Mainly Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) but also Marin Mersenne ( 1588 – 1648 ), independently, discovered the complete laws of vibrating strings ( completing what Pythagoras and Pythagoreans had started 2000 years earlier ).

* 1721 – Grinling Gibbons, English sculptor and woodcarver ( b. 1648 )

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

* 1648 – Jeremiah Shepard, American minister ( d. 1720 )

* 1648 – John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, English statesman and poet ( d. 1721 )

* Benedict van Haeften ( 1588 – 1648 )

* The Duchy of Brabant, a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire between 1183 – 1648 covering parts of the Netherlands and Belgium, ruled over by the Dukes of Brabant

He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates ( 1648 – 1654 ) which resulted in the creation of a Cossack state.

This provoked the Second Civil War ( 1648 – 49 ) and a second defeat for Charles, who was subsequently captured, tried, convicted, and executed for high treason.

* 1648 – Colonel Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead ; came to be known as " Pride's Purge ".

Lord Herbert of Cherbury ( 1583 – 1648 ) is generally considered the " father of English Deism ," and his book De Veritate ( 1624 ) the first major statement of deism.

* Limburg of the States ( 1648 – 1794 ), territories controlled by the Dutch States-General, see Generality Lands

The first ( 1642 – 46 ) and second ( 1648 – 49 ) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war ( 1649 – 51 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

* 1597 – Vincent Voiture, French poet ( d. 1648 )

* 1648 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England ( d. 1730 )

– 2 February 1648 ) was an English writer, known as " The Puritan " and a politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1640 and 1648.

The two parts of the Holy Roman Empire clashed in the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ), which was ruinous to the twenty million civilians.

* Holt, Mack P. Renaissance and Reformation France: 1500 – 1648 ( 2002 ) excerpt and text search

* February 24 – Vincent Voiture, French poet ( d. 1648 )

* Vincent Voiture 1597 – 1648, poet and prose writer

Vincent Voiture ( 24 February 1597 – 26 May 1648 ), French poet, was the son of a rich merchant of Amiens.

* Vincent Voiture ( 1597 – 1648 )

* Vincent Voiture ( 1597 – 1648 )

Voiture died at the outbreak of the Fronde, which killed the society to which he was accustomed, on 26 May 1648.

* February 24-Vincent Voiture, French poet ( died 1648 )

1648 ; i. e. after the Thirty Years ' War, in France and the French colonial empire, until established as the national language during the French Revolution of 1789 and subsequently multinational in all nations in or formerly in the various French Empires.

* 1648 – Antoine Daniel, French missionary ( b. 1601 )

Though expected to take part in the negotiations which led in 1648 to the Peace of Westphalia, he declined to deliberate with persons whom the Catholic Church considered heretics, and protested, when it was finally completed, against the Treaty of Westphalia that ended the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ) and established the balance of European power that lasted until the wars of the French Revolution ( 1789 ).

The French colonised Martinique ( 1635 ), the Guadeloupe archipelago ( 1635 ), St. Martin ( 1648 ), and St. Barths ( 1648 ) and Saint Croix ( 1650 ).

* 1588 – Marin Mersenne, French mathematician ( d. 1648 )

* September 3 – Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny, 1st Viscount Galway, French soldier and diplomat ( b. 1648 )

* September 8 – Marin Mersenne, French theologian ( d. 1648 )

** Isaac de Caus, French landscaper ( d. 1648 )

* June 9 – Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon, French mystic ( b. 1648 )

In 1648, during the Second English Civil War, Charles moved to The Hague, where his sister Mary and his brother-in-law William II, Prince of Orange, seemed more likely to provide substantial aid to the royalist cause than the Queen's French relations.

The Republic of the United Provinces was officially recognized in the Peace of Westphalia ( 1648 ), and lasted until French revolutionary forces invaded in 1795 and set up a new republic, called the Batavian Republic which would be replaced by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland.

Marin Mersenne, Marin Mersennus or le Père Mersenne ( 8 September 1588 – 1 September 1648 ) was a French theologian, philosopher, mathematician and music theorist, often referred to as the " father of acoustics ".

* Bérénice ( 1648 – 50 ), a French novel by Jean Regnauld de Segrais

Between 1648 and 1805, it was the administrative headquarters of Further Austria, the Habsburg territories in the southwest of Germany, when the city was not under French occupation.

Philip responded to the perceived weakness of France during the Fronde rebellions of 1648 by continuing the fight ; he took personal responsibility for the decision to start a fresh, and ultimately successful, offensive against the French in Catalonia in 1651.

Some of his conclusions on naval policy were quite advanced: after the peace of 1648, Philip argued that the Dutch fleets off the Spanish peninsula were actually good for trade, despite concerns from his senior officials, since they provided protection against the English and French navies.

In 1648, the relatively brief Second English Civil War broke out, and Rupert informed the French King that he would be returning to King Charles ' service.

The Battle of Lens ( 20 August 1648 ) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold in the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ).