Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

* 1809 – Hannibal Hamlin, American politician, 15th Vice President of the United States ( d. 1891 )

* 1809 – Alfred, Lord Tennyson, English poet ( d. 1892 )

* 1809 – William B. Travis, American lawyer and soldier ( d. 1836 )

In the Battle of Abensberg on 19 – 20 April 1809, Napoleon gained a significant victory over the Austrians under Archduke Louis of Austria and General Johann von Hiller.

* Battle of Eckmühl occurred 21 – 22 April 1809.

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.

* 1809 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., American physician and writer ( d. 1894 )

* 1738 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, English statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( d. 1809 )

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four day campaign that ended in a French victory.

* 1809 – Quito, now the capital of Ecuador, declares independence from Spain.

* 1809 – John Kirk Townsend, American naturalist ( d. 1851 )

Albert Pike ( December 29, 1809 – April 2, 1891 ) was an attorney, Confederate officer, writer, and Freemason.

* 1809 – Battle of the Basque Roads Naval battle fought between France and the United Kingdom

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

* 1809 – Napoleonic Wars: The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when Austria invades Bavaria.

Victorious Archduke Charles of Austria during the Battle of Aspern-Essling ( 21 – 22 May 1809 ).

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

* Boniface Wimmer ( 1809 – 1887 )

* Gongalegoda Banda ( 1809 – 1849 ), Sri Lankan rebellion leader

* Louis II ( 1810 ), also Grand Duke of Berg ( 1809 – 1813 )

The army reforms were not yet completed by the war of 1809, in which Charles acted as commander in chief, yet even so it proved a far more formidable opponent than the old and was only defeated after a desperate struggle involving Austrian victories and large loss of life on both sides.

The Duchy's military forces, led by Józef Poniatowski, participated in numerous campaigns, including the Polish – Austrian War of 1809, the French invasion of Russia in 1812, and the German campaign of 1813.

The Austrian Empire defeated the French at Aspern-Essling, yet was beaten at Wagram while the Polish allies defeated the Austrian Empire at Raszyn ( April 1809 ).

Although not as decisive as the previous Austrian defeats, the peace treaty in October 1809 stripped Austria of a large amount of territories, reducing it even more.

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Wagram sees a French victory over the Austrian army in the largest battle yet of the Napoleonic Wars.

Johann Georg Albrechtsberger ( 3 February 1736 – 7 March 1809 ) was an Austrian musician who was born at Klosterneuburg, near Vienna.

* 1809 – The first day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling between the Austrian army led by Archduke Charles and the French army led by Napoleon I of France sees the French attack across the Danube held.

* 1732 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer ( d. 1809 )

* 1722 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician ( d. 1809 )

* Joseph Haydn ( 1732 – 1809 ) Austrian composer who revolutionized the symphonic form.

The War of the Fifth Coalition, fought in the year 1809, pitted a coalition of the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against the French Empire and Bavaria.

* March 31 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer ( d. 1809 )

* February 3 – Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian musician ( d. 1809 )

** Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician ( d. 1809 )

One, the Walcheren Expedition of 1809, involved a dual effort by the British Army and the Royal Navy to relieve Austrian forces under intense French pressure.

Between April 19 and April 23, 1809, Regensburg was the scene of the Battle of Ratisbon between forces commanded by Baron de Coutaud ( the 65th Ligne ) and retreating Austrian forces.

He had replaced Cobenzl with Johan Philip Charles Stadion ( 1805-1809 ) the previous year, but his career was in turn cut short in 1809 following yet another Austrian defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram and subsequent humiliation at the Treaty of Schönbrunn.

In April 1809 he fought and lost the Battle of Sacile against the Austrian army of the Archduke John, but Eugène's troops decisively won the rematch at the Battle of Raab that June.

With the exception of a brief period between 1809 and 1813, when it was included under the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, it remained under the Austrian rule until 1918.